481份国内外绿豆种质农艺性状及豆象抗性鉴定评价及遗传多样性分析

Evaluation and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Bruchid Resistance Using 481 Worldwide Mungbean Germplasms

以来自21个国家和地区的481份绿豆种质资源为试验材料,通过3个年度4个试点的主要农艺性状评价,分析了9个质量性状和12个数量性状的遗传变异水平。结果表明:481份绿豆种质资源的主要表型性状变异丰富。不同环境条件下12个数量性状变异系数为5.32%~76.18%,其中小区产量、单株荚数等性状变异系数较高;遗传多样性指数为1.573~2.078,其中株高、百粒重等性状遗传多样性指数较高;相关性分析发现生育期与株高、主茎节数和主茎分枝均呈显著或极显著的正相关,说明生育期对绿豆形态建成具有重要的作用;聚类分析将481份种质材料聚为4大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群多为矮秆、直立、大籽粒以及早熟种质,可作为育种的优异亲本材料。如大粒种质C06287、洮绿3号、VC4059A和苏绿1号的百粒重均在6.50g以上,可作为改良绿豆籽粒大小的材料加以利用;早熟种质C01075、C01234、C01249在4个试点都表现出生育期较短,可作为发掘早熟基因的亲本材料;矮秆种质辽绿28号、VC1562A和潍9002-341,可作为抗倒伏育种研究的亲本材料;高抗豆象种质如C05199、C05202和C05528,可作为绿豆抗豆象育种的亲本材料。通过对数量性状进行主成分分析,6个主成分因子对表型变异的累计贡献率达到了83.41%。本研究通过综合评价481份绿豆种质资源的遗传多样性,旨在为绿豆的遗传育种和种质创新提供理论基础。

By taking use of 481 mungbean germplasms that were collected from 21 countries(or regions),the phenotypic variations at nine qualitative traits and 12 quantitative traits were evaluated at four locations in a frame of three years.The abundant phenotypic variations were observed in these mungbean germplasms.The coefficient of variations of 12 quantitative traits ranged from 5.32%to 76.18%under different environmental conditions,of which,the grain yield per plot and the number of pods per plant had higher coefficient of variation;the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.573 to 2.078,and the plant height and 100-seed weight had the higher genetic diversity index.The growth period was observed to be significant or extremely significant positive correlated with other traits such as plant height,number of stem node and number of branches on main stem,thus implying an important role in mungbean morphogenesis.The cluster analysis suggested four major groups of which the first group included the germplasms showing dwarf,erect,large seeds and early-maturation.These germplasm resources might show a potential as excellent parent materials for breeding.For example,the 100-seed weight of a few accessions(e.g.C06287,Taolv 3,VC4059A and Sulv 1)were higher than 6.50 g,which could be used as materials for improving the seed size of mungbean.The growth period of accessions C01075,C01234,and C01249 were shorter,which might carry functional genes causing early-maturation;Liaolv 28,VC1562A and Wei 9002-341 could be used as parent materials for lodging resistance breeding;C05199,C05202 and C05528 could be used as parent materials for mungbean bruchid-resistance breeding.Finally,the principal component analysis(PCA)of quantitative traits suggested that six principal component factors might contribute 83.41%of phenotypic variation.In summary,this article aims to provide a theoretical basis for genetic breeding and germplasm innovation of mung bean by comprehensively evaluating the genetic diversity of 481 mung bean germplasm resources.