保靖黄金茶1号杂交创新利用研究

Research on the Hybridization and Innovation of Baojing Huangjincha 1

本研究选择主要经济性状优良的福鼎大白茶等6个茶树品种为母本、具“黄金韵”但适应性一般的保靖黄金茶1号为父本,采用人工杂交方法,开展资源创新利用研究,以期达到品种改良目的。试验通过研究保靖黄金茶1号花粉生活力、不同杂交组合结实率、杂种F1成苗率、F1优良单株选择率等,发现保靖黄金茶1号花粉生活力较强,当天新鲜花粉生活力达94.22%,在常温、4℃和-20℃条件下最长分别可以存放7 d、30 d和40 d;6个杂交组合结实率为15.25%(碧香早)~31.32%(福鼎大白茶),平均结实率为21.88%,成苗率为50.77%(碧香早)~66.65%(铁观音),平均成苗率为59.62%,不同组合及不同年份间结实率和成苗率均无显著差异;3次优株选择和无性繁殖能力鉴定后,共获得60个新株系,选优率为2.35%,远高于优异资源自然杂交后代选优率(0.04%)。经生化成分、产量、品质等综合评价后选择布置区域试验的3个新品系,生长势均优于父本保靖黄金茶1号,感官品质优异,尤以香气突出,达到“扬长补短”种质创新目的。

In order to produce the elite germplasm resource for tea breeding,we deployed the artificial hybridization approach to generate the F1 hybrids by crossing six elite tea varieties including Fuding Dabaicha(mother)with another variety Baojing Huangjincha 1,which showed a specific phenotype“golden rhyme”but weak adaptation ability.We found that Baojing Huangjincha 1 pollen exhibited a strong living force whose fresh pollen life force reached to 94.22%by taking researching on Baojing Huangjincha 1 pollen life force,different hybrid combination strong rate,hybrid F1 generation seedling rate,F1 generation excellent single plant selection rate,etc..Under room temperature,4℃and-20℃conditions,its pollen was able to survive up to 7 d,30 d and 40 d,respectively.The seed setting rates of six hybrid combinations were variable from 15.25%(Bixiangzao)to 31.32%(Fuding Dabaicha)with the average of 21.88%,while the seedling rates were arranged from 50.77%(Bxiangzao)to 66.65%(Tieguanyin)with a mean value of 59.62%.No significant difference was observed in seed setting rate and seedling rate among different treatments(combinations and years).By taking use of three rounds of selecting excellent strains and identifying asexual reproduction ability,a total of 60 strains were finally accepted with a selection rate of 2.35%.The rate of elite hybrids was much higher than that of naturally-occurring hybridization offspring(0.04%).Furthermore,we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of biochemical composition,yield and quality related traits in selected hybrids.Three new strains,which were subjected for the regional test,showed:the growth potential and excellent sensory quality(especially with aroma prominent),much better than the father Baojing Huangjincha 1.