不同品种和加工精度谷物对大鼠血糖和血脂的影响

Effects of different varieties and processing degree grains on blood glucose and blood lipid in rats

目的探讨全谷物与精制谷物相比对正常大鼠血糖、血脂、炎症因子水平的影响,以及不同全谷物的共性作用。方法根据谷物来源(稻米、小麦)和加工精度(全谷物、精制谷物)采用2×2析因实验设计。SPF级8周龄雄性SD大鼠48只,根据初始体重和空腹血糖随机分为精制米粉组、全谷物米粉组、精制面粉组、全谷物面粉组4组,分别饲喂含45%精制米粉、全谷物米粉、精制面粉、全谷物面粉的饲料,配方其他组分参照AIN-93G配置,共喂养18周。每周监测进食量、体重,实验末期进行空腹血糖、血脂、炎症因子检测和脏器病理学检验。结果实验期间各组大鼠体重增长和进食量基本一致,实验结束时各组不同程度地出现脂肪肝,同时精制米粉组和精制面粉组大鼠肾脏出现上皮细胞脂肪变性。血生化指标显示,精制米粉组血尿素氮、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、单核细胞趋化因子1显著高于全谷物米粉组(P<0.05),精制面粉组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著低于全谷物面粉组(P<0.05)。析因分析结果表明,谷物不同加工精度间空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、C反应蛋白差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而稻米、小麦品种间各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论长期给予精制谷物饲养会导致大鼠出现空腹血糖、血脂异常和肾脏病理学改变,适当给予全谷物可延缓不良症状发生进程。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of whole grains(WG)and refined grains(RG)on blood glucose,blood lipid and inflammatory factors in normal rats,and the common effects of different whole grains.METHODS 2×2 factorial experiments were designed according to grain sources(rice&wheat)and processing precision(whole grain&refined grain).According to the initial body weight and fasting blood glucose,48 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:RG rice group,WG rice group,RG wheat group and WG wheat group.They were fed with 45%refined rice,whole grain rice,refined wheat and whole grain wheat respectively for 18 weeks.The formula was in accordance with AIN-93 G.Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly.Fasting blood glucose,lipid,inflammatory factors and organ pathology were detected at the end of the experiment.RESULTS During the experiment,the body weight growth and food intake of rats in each group were basically the same.At the end of the experiment,fatty liver appeared in varying degrees,while the kidney of rats in RG rice group and RG wheat group showed epithelial steatosis.Biochemical indexes showed that blood urea nitrogen(UN),fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in RG wheat group were significantly higher than those in WG wheat group(P<0.05),while high density lipoprotein(HDL)level in RG wheat group was significantly lower than that in WG wheat group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in other indexes.The result of factorial analysis showed that the differences of FBG,serum insulin,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and C-reactive protein(CRP)caused by different grain processing degree were significant,but there was no significant difference between rice and wheat varieties(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Studies have shown that long-term feeding of refined grains can lead to fasting blood glucose,blood lipid abnormality and renal pathological changes in rats,and proper feeding of whole grains can delay the development of adverse symptoms.