珠海港高栏港区进港航道回淤分析

Analysis of back silting at approach channel of Gaolan Port area of Zhuhai Port

航道开挖后容易出现回淤,回淤量研究对航道后期的维护尤为重要。以高栏港进港航道泥沙回淤为研究对象,结合黄茅海海域的海床历史演变情况,分析高栏港区航道泥沙来源,研究航道附近泥沙冲淤变化特征。研究结果表明:高栏港所在的十字水域海床近年来处于淤积状态,1977-1989年,平均淤积强度为3.42 cm/a;1989-2003年,淤积速率减缓,约为0.86 cm/a。高栏港区航道年淤积量由常年淤积和台风骤淤两部分组成,航道每年发生明显骤淤1~2次,骤淤量一般为常年淤积量的30%~50%,骤淤引起的平均淤积厚度为0.32~0.60 m,骤淤量的大小和分布与台风路径及强度有关。研究成果对于航道维护时间及频次确定具有参考作用。

Back silting easily occurs after channel excavation,and the study on the amount of back silting is particularly important for the later maintenance of the channel.Taking the back silting of the approach channel of Gaolan Port as a research case,and based on the historical evolution of the seabed in the Huangmao Sea area,we analyze the source of channel sediment in Gaolan Port area,and study the characteristics of sediment erosion and sedimentation near the channel.The research reveals that the seabed in the cross waters where Gaolan Port locates has always been in a state of sedimentation in recent years.From 1977 to 1989,the average sedimentation intensity was 3.42 cm a,and from 1989 to 2003,the sedimentation rate slowed down to about 0.86 cm a.The annual siltation amount of the waterway in Gaolan Port area consists of two parts:perennial siltation and sudden silting caused by typhoon;obvious sudden silting occurs once or twice a year,and the amount of sudden silting is generally 30%to 50%of the annual silting amount,the thickness of sedimentation is 0.32~0.60 m,and the magnitude and distribution of sudden sedimentation volume are related to the typhoon path and intensity.The research results may serve as reference for determination of the time and frequency of channel maintenance.