共同体价值观的解构与重构——传统共同体与现代共同体之比较

Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Community Values:A Comparison between Traditional and Modern Communities

传统共同体的价值观是农耕文明的呈现,共同体成员需要共同面对自然界,以求获得生存需要。传统农耕文明社会的共同体主要体现为政治共同体、生存共同体、生命共同体、血缘共同体、情感共同体的统一,共同体的利益是保护个体的基础,所以,利益的计算单位是共同体,以奉行集体主义价值观为主;现代工业社会共同体主要体现为经济共同体、利益共同体、契约共同体、价值共同体的统一,是工业文明的产物,共同体成员借助现代化工具自我求生存,现代共同体是利益共同体,利益的计算单位是个体利益,以奉行个人主义价值观为主。需要说明的是,共同体价值观的解构与重构的诠释不是传统社会与现代社会的对抗,不是割裂历史,不是中西社会对抗,而是为了诠释传统社会与现代社会的差异,以及共同体中存在的意识形态主导的社会非理性主义现象。

Traditional community is the presentation of agriculture civilization,whose members need to confront the challenges from nature together so as to survive.Traditional community in an agriculture society mainly embodies itself as a unity of community of politics,community of survival,community of life,community of blood relationship and community of emotion,the interest of which is the base of individual protection,and thus the calculating unit of interest is the community mainly pursuing collectivism values.As the outcome of industrial civilization,modern community mainly embodies itself as the unity of economic community,interest community,contract community and value community,whose members count on modern tools to make their living.Modern community is the community of interest,with individual interest as its basic unit of calculating,and mainly pursues individualism values.What needs to be explained is that the interpretation of the deconstruction and reconstruction of the community values are not the confrontation between traditional society and modern society,not a separation from history,and not the confrontation between the Chinese society and western society,but rather an interpretation of the difference between tradition and modern societies,and an interpretation of the irrationalism phenomena in the society dominated by the ideologies of community.