四个品种蓝莓物候期和生长特性研究

Study on Phenology and Growth Characteristics of Four Varieties of Blueberries

研究蓝莓生长特性从而为引种栽培提供参考依据.通过连续2年调查凯里栽培的杰兔、园蓝、S6、夏普兰四个品种蓝莓物候期和生长特性.结果表明:夏普兰进入花期之前所需的营养生长时间相对最短,花期相对最长.杰兔蓝莓果实发育期相对最长.园蓝平均单株开花数量相对最多,但开花率、座果率、平均单株产量相对最低.相关性分析表明:单株产量除了和平均单株开花数量、开花率没有极显著相关外,与其它生长特性因子极显著相关.主成分分析提取的2个主成分累积贡献率为91.019%,冠幅和座果率分别在两个主成分中载荷最大.四个蓝莓品种中杰兔兔眼单株产量相对最高,生物学特性综合评分最高.选择适宜蓝莓品种并在早期定植时注重营养生长,适当疏花.

The data of blueberry growth characteristics were accumulated to provide reference for introduction and cultivation.The phenology and growth characteristics of four varieties carefully cultivated including premier rabbit,garden blue,S6 and Sharpblue were investigated for two consecutive years.The needed Nutritional growth was the shortest while the flowering period was the longest of Sharpblue variety among the four varieties.The premier rabbit blueberry fruit had the longest period of development.The average number of flower per plant was the biggest,while the flowering rate,fruit rate,and average per plant yield were the lowest among the four varieties.The yield of blueberry per plant was not significantly related to the average number of flower per plant and the flowering rate.The yield per plant of premier rabbit blueberry and the biological characteristics score were the highest.The results showed that suitable variety of introduced blueberry needs enough period of nutritional growth and strong flower thinning.