中国与韩国食品安全标准中铅、镉指标对比分析

Comparative analysis of lead and cadmium in food safety standards of China and South Korea

目的研究中国和韩国食品安全标准中铅、镉两类重金属指标的差异,为开展进出口韩国食品安全风险评估提供依据,并为我国食品安全标准的完善提供参考。方法以我国GB 2762-2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》与韩国现行食品安全标准Food Code(2019)为研究对象,结合食品产品相关标准,对两国的食品分类体系和重金属中铅、镉限值进行比较、分析。结果在植物源食品方面,我国新鲜蔬菜的铅限值为0.1 mg/kg,与韩国部分蔬菜的限值相同;两国的水果铅、镉限值相同,分别为0.10、0.05 mg/kg;谷物中的铅、镉限值相同,而食用菌铅、镉限值不同;在动物源食品方面,两国的畜禽内脏铅限值同为0.5 mg/kg;韩国肉类食品铅、镉限值要严于我国,分别为0.10、0.05 mg/kg,而我国为0.2、0.1 mg/kg;两国水产动物及其制品的铅限值也不全相同,仅有甲壳类、鱼类限值一致;在其他食品方面,两国关于可可制品的铅限值不同,中国和韩国限量分别为0.5、2.0 mg/kg。结论和韩国标准相比,我国标准中涉及的食品种类全面,囊括绝大多数食品及其制品,但对我国特色食品中铅、镉等重金属的安全性重视程度不足,缺少符合我国食品特色的个性化标准、限值要求。

Objective To study the differences of lead and cadmium in Chinese and South Korean food safety standards,provide basis for food safety risk assessment of import and export South Korean food,and provide reference for the improvement of food safety standards in China.Methods Taking the Chinese food safety standard GB 2762-2017 National food safety standard-Limit of pollutants in food and South Korea's current food safety standard Food Code(2019)general standard as the research objects,the food classification system and the limit values of lead and cadmium in heavy metals in the two countries were compared and analyzed.Results In terms of plant derived foods,the lead limit of fresh vegetables in China was 0.1 mg/kg,same as that of some vegetables in South Korea.The lead and cadmium limits of fruits in two countries were the same,which were 0.10 and 0.05 mg/kg,respectively.The lead and cadmium limits of grains were the same,but the limits of the lead and cadmium of edible fungi were different.In terms of animal origin food,the lead limits of livestock and poultry viscera in the two countries were the same as 0.5 mg/kg,while the lead and cadmium limits of meat food in South Korea were stricter than those in China.The limits of lead and cadmium in South Korea were 0.10 and 0.05 mg/kg,respectively,while those in China were 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg.The lead limits of aquatic animals and their products in the 2 countries were different,among which only crustaceans and fish had the same limit.For other foods,the lead limits of cocoa products in the two countries were different,and the limits in China and South Korea were 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg,respectively.Conclusion Compared to the standards in South Korea,China’s standards cover a wide range of food types,including the vast majority of food and its products.However,the safety of lead,cadmium and other heavy metals in China's characteristic food is not paid enough attention,and there is a lack of personalized standards and limit requirements in line with China’s food characteristics.