基于网络数据统计的食品欺诈研究分析

Research and analysis of food fraud based on network data statistics

目的建立符合我国国情的食品欺诈数据库,补充国际上已建立的经济利益驱动型掺假(economically motivated adulteration,EMA)数据库空白。方法搜集2001~2019年发生的食品欺诈行为,初步建立具有中国国情的食品欺诈数据库。对数据库中信息完备的454条欺诈数据进行分析。结果媒体报道数据占食品欺诈信息总数的71.6%;食用农产品、酒类、乳制品、肉制品等11类产品是欺诈事件发生较多的食品类别;产品欺诈(72.2%)高居食品欺诈类型的首位;2001~2019年食品欺诈事件数量呈现出先上升后降低,再上升再降低的"M"状趋势;目前食品欺诈检测技术主要以理化分析技术为主,针对的食品类别还有限;食品欺诈信息以中国为主(89.0%),涉及到世界各个地区。结论食品欺诈是广泛存在的全球性问题,本研究建立的食品欺诈数据库为预防食品安全风险起到了重要的技术支撑作用。

Objective To establish a food fraud database in line with China’s national conditions,and supplement the gaps in the internationally established economically motivated adulteration(EMA)database.Methods The food fraud events during the period from 2001 to 2019 were collected,and a food fraud database of 454 pieces with China’s national conditions was initially established.Results The data reported by the media accounted for 71.6%of the total amount of food fraud information.There were more fraud incidents in agricultural products,wines,dairy products,meat products and other 11 categories of products.Product fraud(72.2%)was the highest type of food fraud.From 2001 to 2019,the number of food fraud incidents showed an"M"trend of rising first,then decreasing,then rising and decreasing again.At present,food fraud detection technology was mainly based on physical and chemical analysis technology,and the categories of food targeted were still limited.Food fraud information was dominated by China(89.0%),involving all regions of the world.Conclusion Food fraud is a widespread global problem,and the food fraud database established in this study plays an important technical support role in preventing food safety risks.