基于硫酸盐还原的酸性矿山废水全流程处理研究

Study on the Entire Process Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Based on Sulfate Reduction

采用pH调节-上流式厌氧污泥床-曝气除S^2--活性污泥法-强化混凝沉淀工艺对某铜矿酸性废水进行了全流程处理,并利用产生的H2S实现了Cu的回收。进水pH实验表明,pH=4.50为宜,此时厌氧反应效率高,有效产物H2S含量最高。中试通过控制进水ρ(DOC)/ρ(SO42-)、HRT、好氧单元气水比等参数来优化反应器运行效果。当进水pH为4.50、ρ(DOC)/ρ(SO42-)为1.5、HRT为24 h时,厌氧系统具有最高利用效率,DOC以及硫酸盐去除率均在80%以上,H2S的质量浓度达到140 mg/L以上,Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的去除率分别达到99.19%、96.46%、95.67%、71.48%。好氧池气水体积比以及HRT分别为5:1和4 h时,出水COD可降至41.3 mg/L,达到污水GB 8978-1996一级标准。

The entire process treatment of acid mine drainage was carried out by the pH adjustment-UASB-aerobic removal of S^2--activated sludge processenhanced coagulation sedimentation.Meanwhile,the produced H2S was utilized to recycle copper.The influent pH experiments showed that the suitable pH was 4.50 for the high anaerobic reaction efficiency and highest content of H2S.The design parameters such asρ(DOC)/ρ(SO4^2-),HRT,and gas/water ratio were optimized through pilot studies.When theρ(DOC)/ρ(SO4^2-)and the HRT were 1.5 and 24 h,the UASB reactor reached the highest utilization efficiency.The removal rate of DOC and sulfate reached more than 80%,and the mass concentration of H2S was more than 140 mg/L.The removal of Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn reached 99.19%,96.46%,95.67%,and 71.48%,respectively.When the gas/water volume ratio of the aerobic tank and HRT were 5:1 and 4 h,the COD of effluent reduced to 41.3 mg/L,which reached the first level standard of GB 8978-1996.