新石器时期聚落的地貌形态变迁与气候农业环境研究——以黄河中下游平原地区为中心

Geomorphological Changes and Agricultural Environments of Settlements in Neolithic Age:Focusing on the Plain Area in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River

新石器时期,黄河中下游平原地区聚落形态的地貌分布,总体呈现出从山地向平原、由高海拔向低海拔的变迁特征,但在较短的时间尺度内,聚落形态的地貌分布呈现出“高地—低地”间反复迁移的过程。这种地貌特征的变迁,一方面与多变的气候环境相关,气候的冷暖干湿促使居址在“高地—低地”之间来回摆动;另一方面受农业耕作环境的影响,粟作农业和麦作农业在地貌上的位移带动聚落地貌选择的变动。

During the Neolithic Age,the geomorphological distribution of settlement patterns in the plain area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River showed a change from the mountain to the plain and from a high altitude to a low altitude.However,in a short time scale,the geomorphological distribution of settlement patterns showed a process of repeated migration between"highland and lowland".The change,on the one hand,was related to the changeable climate environment in which the cold,warm,dry and wet climate made the residence swing back and forth between"highland and lowland";on the other hand,influenced by agricultural farming environment,the geomorphological displacement of millet and wheat agriculture led to the changes of geomorphological selection of settlements.