默里·布克金整体性思想对农业生物多样性保护的启示

Enlightenment from Murray Bookchin’s Holistic Thought on Agricultural Biodiversity Protection

默里·布克金整体性思想强调生态多样性和差异化,在农业种植上布克金主张农业种植的多样化,反对产业化单一种植。他认为通过多样化的农业种植,达到农业生态的多样性,从而可以通过生物之间的生物制约来达到防治害虫的目的;同时他也坚决反对大量使用化学农药,因为化学农药的使用会给环境带来灾难性后果。当前,我国的农业生物多样性中也存在着默里·布克金所指出的问题,比如大规模单一农作物的种植、农药化肥在农业上的大量应用,对农业生物多样性造成了实质性的危害。他的这些思想对于我们今天农业生物多样性保护,起到很好的借鉴意义,这样既符合农业部提出的2020年农药使用量零增长的行动方案要求,也符合实现环境友好型、资源节约型病虫害治理的目标的要求。

Murray Bookchin’s holistic thought emphasizes ecological diversity and differentiation,which advocates the diversification of agricultural cultivation and opposes the industrialization of single cropping.He believes that through diversified agricultural cultivation,the diversity of agricultural ecology can be achieved,thus the aim of pest control can be achieved through biological restriction between organisms.Meanwhile,he also firmly opposes the overuse of chemical pesticides,which would bring disastrous consequences to the environment.At present,the problems pointed out by Murray Bookchin also exist in China’s agricultural biodiversity,such as the large-scale cultivation of single crops and the overuse of pesticides and fertilizers,causing substantial harm to agricultural biodiversity.His thoughts are of great significance for the protection of agricultural biodiversity today,which is in line with not only the action plan of zero growth of pesticide use in 2020 proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture,but also the requirements for realizing environment-friendly and resource-saving pest management.