二十世纪以来明代马匹牧养问题研究综述

Review on Related Issues of Horse Husbandry in the Ming Dynasty since 20th Century

马匹,作为冷兵器时代重要的战略物资,一直被统治者所重视。明朝建立之初,在吸取宋代保马法相关经验的基础上,制定了较为严密的马政体制,并在其后不断有所沿革,其中马匹贸易基本只存在于边疆地区,而马匹牧养则兼顾边疆与内地,并且是内地马政的主要形式。自20世纪以来,众多学者对这一问题展开了充分的研究,取得十分丰硕的研究成果。然而明代的马匹牧养是一个复杂的问题,牵扯到军事物资供应、民间赋役以及明代货币白银化等相关问题。如何在前人研究的基础上进行下一步研究,也是新一代学者应当思考的问题。

Horse,as an important strategic material in the era of cold weapons,had always been valued by the rulers.At the beginning of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty,based on the experience of horse policy in the Song Dynasty,a relatively strict system of horse administration was formulated evolved continuously.Since then,the horse-trade only existed in the border areas,while horse husbandry took into account the border areas and the inland areas,which was a main part of horse administration in the inland areas.Since the 20th century,many scholars have carried out full researches on horse husbandry and achieved fruitful results.However,the horse husbandry in the Ming Dynasty was a complicated problem,which involved the supply of military materials,folk taxes and corves and the silver monetization in the Ming Dynasty.