稻田养鱼与氮密互作对土壤肥力、水稻产量及其养分累积的影响

Interaction Between Fish Culture and Nitrogen Application:Effects on Soil Fertility, Rice Yield and Nutrient Accumulation in Paddy Fields

为了给稻田养鱼的施肥管理提供科学依据。试验以杂交中稻新品种‘内6优106’为材料,在3个鱼-氮处理(CK:不养鱼+不施氮、F:养鱼+不施氮、FN:养鱼+施氮150 kg/hm^2)和4个本田栽秧密度下,研究稻田养鱼与氮密耦合对土壤肥力、水稻产量及其养分吸收累积的影响。结果表明:稻田养鱼后的有机质显著提高、氮素能维持平衡、磷钾素则显著下降。鱼氮处理水稻产量、地上部干物质及氮、磷、钾累积的总体趋势表现为FN>F>CK,FN与F分别比CK显著增产22.98%和13.43%。栽秧密度在9.0万~22.5万穴/hm^2范围内稻谷产量无显著差异,干物质和氮累积影响随密增加而增加。每1000 kg稻谷的地上部植株氮、磷、钾素的需要量分别为10.24~16.74、1.31~2.72、34.38~56.49 kg/hm^2。中高产养鱼稻田在施肥管理上应控制氮肥和增施磷钾肥。

The paper aims to provide a scientific basis for fertilization management of fish culture in paddy fields. Taking a new hybrid rice variety‘Nei6 You106’as material, we studied the coupling effects of fishnitrogen-density on soil fertility, rice yield and nutrient uptake and accumulation in paddy fields under 3 fishnitrogentreatments(CK:nofish+nonitrogenapplication,F:fish+nonitrogenapplication,FN:fish+ 150 kg/hm^2 nitrogen application) and 4 seedling densities. The results showed that: the organic matters significantly increased, nitrogen maintained balance, phosphorus and potassium decreased significantly after fish culture in paddy fields;the overall trends of rice yield, over ground dry matter and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under fish-nitrogen treatments were FN>F>CK, FN and F significantly increased rice yield by22.98% and 13.43% compared with that of CK, respectively;there was no significant difference in rice yield in the range of 90000-225000 hills/hm^2, and the effects of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation increased with the increase of density;the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of above ground plants per 1000 kg of rice were 10.24-16.74, 1.31-2.72, 34.38-56.49 kg/hm^2, respectively. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased in fertilizer management of mediumhigh yield fish culture paddy fields.