玉米‘黄早四’改良系改良研究探讨

The Improvement of ’Huangzao-4’ Maize Inbred Lines

旨在为优异玉米自交系改良及其杂交种选育、玉米种质创新提供科学依据。本研究选用‘黄早四’、‘昌7-2’、‘西农672’等11个玉米自交系,采用NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计,人工配制成30个杂交组合作为试验材料。田间试验采用随机区组设计,性状田间调查和室内鉴定相结合,试验数据采用SPSS软件LNT进行分析。结果表明:(1)‘黄早四’自交系各性状一般配合力普遍较低,负向效应明显大于正向效应,只有株高、穗位高、叶面积系数表现为正向效应。(2)‘昌7-2’各性状一般配合力较‘黄早四’均有明显提高,株高、穗位高、叶面积系数、穗行数、行粒数、出籽率和产量均表现出正效应值;而穗长、结实长、百粒重表现出负向效应。(3)‘西农672’穗长、穗行数、结实长、行粒数和产量都有较高的正向效应,但百粒重、出籽率表现为负向效应,株高、穗位高、叶面积系数表现与‘昌7-2’和‘黄早四’相反,表现负效应值。由此可见,高基点自交系受体、供体组材、不断导入新的优异玉米基因,充分利用加性遗传方差、累加提高优异玉米种质的基因频率是新优玉米自交系选育的关键。

The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of excellent maize inbred lines, the breeding of hybrids and the innovation of maize germplasm. 11 maize inbred lines, such as‘Huangzao 4’,‘Chang 7-2’,‘Xinong 672’and so on, were chosen for making 30 hybrid combinations as experimental materials with NCⅡ incomplete dialed cross design, the randomized block design was conducted in field experiments, and field investigation and indoor identification were combined to study the characteristics. LNTSPSS software program was used to analyze the test data. The results were as follows:(1) the general combining abilities of the characteristics of‘Huangzao-4’inbred lines were generally low, the negative effect was obviously greater than the positive effect, only plant height, ear height and leaf area coefficient were positive;(2) the general combining abilities of the characteristics of‘Chang 7-2’were higher than those of‘Hangzhou 4’,plant height, ear height and leaf area coefficient, rows per ear, grains per row, grain ratio and yield were positive, but ear length, length of seed setting and 100-grain weight were negative;(3) the ear length, length of seed setting, rows per ear, grains per row and yield of‘Xinong 672’had high positive effect, but 100-grain weight and grain ratio showed negative effect, the plant height, ear height and leaf area coefficient of‘Xinong672 were negative, they were adverse to those of‘Chang 7-2’and‘Hangzao 4’. In conclusion, high base point inbred line receptor, donor group, successive new excellent genes’ introduction, the additive genetic variance utilization, and cumulating frequency of excellent genes are the key techniques for breeding new and excellent maize inbred lines.