有机肥施用对烟田土壤酶活性的影响

Organic Fertilizers Application Improves Soil Enzyme Activity in Tobacco Field

为明确有机肥施用后对烟田土壤酶活的影响。本试验选用5种有机肥处理,并以单施化肥为对照,测定了烟草团棵期、旺长期、现蕾期、采烤前期和采烤后期烟田土壤的8种酶活性。施用有机肥后,5个时期的土壤蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性均得到提高,发酵牛粪对烟田土壤的蔗糖酶的影响最大,复合有机肥B处理对过氧化氢酶影响较大;施用有机肥可提高烟草采烤后期土壤的多酚氧化酶活性,发酵牛粪和发酵豆饼的效果较为显著;有机肥处理可提高从团棵期至采烤前期的土壤脱氢酶的活性;可提高从旺长期开始的土壤酸性磷酸酶和中性磷酸酶的活性,秸秆有机肥和复合有机肥A对土壤酸性磷酸酶活性影响较大;可提高现蕾期和采烤前期的土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,以两种复合有机肥和发酵牛粪影响较大;除此之外,有机肥施用后相较于单施化肥降低了烟田土壤的脲酶活性。总之,烟田施用有机肥改变了土壤酶活性,对土壤保育有良好意义。

To reveal the effect of organic fertilizer application on the soil enzyme activity in tobacco field, five kinds of organic fertilizer treatments were selected with single fertilizer application as control. Eight soil enzymes’ activities in tobacco field were determined during tobacco rosette stage, fast growth stage, budding stage, pre-harvesting stage and post-harvesting stage. After applying organic fertilizer, the activities of invertase and catalase in soil were increased in all the five stages. The effect of fermented cow manure on the sucrase activity was the greatest, and the application of compound organic fertilizer B had stronger influence on catalase activity. Organic fertilizers’ application improved the activity of polyphenol oxidase in soil during the post-maturing stage, fermented cow manure and fermented bean cake had significant effect. Organic fertilizers’ application improved dehydrogenase activity from the rosette stage to pre-harvesting stage. The activity of soil acid phosphatase and neutral phosphatase after fast growing stage was improved. Straw organic fertilizer and compound organic fertilizer A had greater influence on soil phosphatase activity. The soil alkaline phosphatase activity at budding stage and pre-harvesting stage was increased, and the two compound fertilizers and fermented cow manure had the greatest influence. In addition, the soil urease activity in tobacco field declined after organic fertilizer application compared with single fertilizer application. In conclusion, organic fertilizer application in tobacco field can change the soil enzyme activity and benefit soil conservation.