基于长丝展丝与分劈的复合结构纺纱技术进展

Progress of composite structural spinning technology based on filament spreading and splitting

为拓展长丝展丝与分劈技术在纺纱领域中的应用,对国内外现有展丝的对象和基本方式及研究现状进行了回顾,并对东华大学纺织材料与技术和纤维软物质团队创新出的展丝及分劈组合的复合结构纺纱技术作了介绍。该复合结构纺纱技术是在传统环锭纺纱机上加装专门的机械展丝分劈机构,采取“预展丝→分劈→展丝或集束”工艺流程,实现高效、均匀、快速、丝间距可控的复合结构纺纱。该类机构适用于落棉、落毛和木棉等偏短、偏弱短纤维的高支和超高支纺纱,以及纱体刚柔性互换、表层柔软化和光洁化的纺纱加工,可为难纺、用弃回用、甚至不可纺短纤维的高支化纺纱提供实用技术,亦可为结构复合纱的新品研发提供依据。

In order to expand the application of filament spreading and splitting technology in the field of spinning,the research status of existing spreading products and methods at home and abroad were reviewed,and the composite structure spinning technology of spreading and splitting combination by the team of Textile Materials and Technology&Fibrous Soft-matter of Donghua university was introduced.The composite spinning technology was by adding a special mechanical spinning splitting unit to the traditional ring spinning machine,and high efficient,uniform,rapid spinning of composite structure with controllable fiber spacing was realized by the technological process of"pre-spreading→split→spreading or bunching".This method is suitable for the high count yarn spinning of short and weak stable fibers such as cotton noil,wool noil or kapok,as well as the spinning processing of the yarns with exchanged stiffness and flexibility,or with soft and smooth surface.This technology can not only provide practical technology for spinning,but also provide a basis for the research and development of new structural composite yarn.