历史知识的常识化:论白寿彝的《中国通史纲要》

From Historical Knowledge to Common Sense:Bai Shouyi’s The Outline of General Chinese History

历史知识的常识化是历史研究同现实生活发生关联的重要途径之一。白寿彝教授主编的《中国通史纲要》参与了近两代中国人的历史常识建构,书中形成了三大历史观念:马克思主义唯物史观、中华民族统一多民族国家的历史格局、以阶级斗争为动力的历史发展观,前两点已经成为了构成现代中国人历史常识的核心组成部分。通过对《纲要》的分析,可以发现历史知识的常识化是学术研究和社会、作者和读者之间互动选择的过程和结果,而历史知识的情节化及其所产生的情感共鸣,在常识化的过程中意义重大。

Making historical knowledge common sense is one of the important ways in which historical research is related to daily life.The Outline of General Chinese History edited by Bai Shouyi helped the construction of the common sense among the Chinese people.The work has three major points:the dominant idea of Marxist historical materialism,the Chinese nation as a unified multi-ethnic country,and class struggle as the driving force of historical development.The first two points have become the core components of Chinese common sense.By analyzing The Outline of General Chinese History,we can find that the change from historical knowledge to common sense is the result of the interaction between academic research and the society,between the author and the reader.Furthermore,making historical knowledge stories and the emotional resonance among readers are of great importance to the process.