亚里士多德基于贫富差别的城邦政体构想

Aristotle’s Regime Based on the Difference Between the Rich and the Poor

亚里士多德笔下的政体,意为城邦的职能组织,其核心是城邦最高统治权力的执行者所组成的公民团体,不同政体有不同的权力安排方式。城邦常常是富室少而穷人多。政体可分为王制、贵族和共和正宗政体,以及偏离正宗政体的变态政体:僭主、寡头和平民政体。僭主政体依据专制的原则,即以主人对待奴隶的方式处理其城邦的公务,寡头政体是有产者们执掌最高统治权,平民政体则是由无产的贫民群众执掌最高统治权。任何政体,其统治者无论人数多少,如以财富为凭,则一定是寡头政体,如果以穷人为主体,则一定是平民政体。最为正宗的政体就是最为公正的政体,应该不偏于少数富室,不偏于多数平民,而以全邦公民利益为依归。

Aristotle's regime,meaning the functional organization of the polis,whose core was a civic group composed of executors of the supreme ruling power of the polis.Different regimes have different arrangements of power.The polis often had fewer rich people and more poor ones.Based on the power of the rich and the poor,Aristotle divided the system into monarchy,nobility and authentic republic,as well as the deviation from the authentic republic:tyrant,oligarchs and civilian regime.The tyrant regime was despotism,treating the people like slaves.The oligarchy regime was controlled by those with large properties.The civilian regime,on the other hand,was ruled by the poor mass.According to Aristotle,the most authentic regime was the fairest one.It must follow the majority of civilians,and serve the interests of the whole.