子宫交界性平滑肌瘤的发病机制及诊治进展

Pathogenesis,Diagnosis and Treatment of Uterine Borderline Leiomyoma

子宫交界性平滑肌瘤是一类具有特殊病理特征的子宫平滑肌肿瘤,其相关发病因素包括年龄、生育史、手术史等,发病机制尚不明确,可能与体内性激素水平、遗传因素、基因表达异常等有关。其临床表现与良性子宫肌瘤相似,缺乏特点,术前辅助检查包括超声、CT、MRI等,检查结果缺乏特异性,不易与良性子宫肌瘤、子宫肉瘤等区分,术前诊断困难,确诊主要依靠术后病理检查。目前,治疗方法以手术为主,部分需辅助药物治疗,但手术方式的选择、药物治疗的效果等方面仍存在争议,有待进一步研究。子宫交界性平滑肌瘤患者大部分预后良好,但存在术后复发和远期恶变等风险,需术后严密随访。

Uterine borderline leiomyoma is a group of uterine smooth muscle tumors with special pathological features.Its related pathogenic factors include age,birth history,surgery history,etc.The pathogenesis is not clear,and may be related to sex hormone levels,genetic factors,and abnormal gene expression in the body.Its clinical manifestations are similar to benign uterine fibroids and lack characteristics.The auxiliary examinations before surgery include ultrasound,CT,MRI,etc.The test results lack specificity and are not easy to distinguish from benign uterine fibroids and uterine sarcomas.Preoperative diagnosis is difficult,and the diagnosis mainly depends on postoperative pathological examination.At present,the main treatment method is surgery,and some need adjuvant drug treatment.However,the choice of surgical methods and the effects of drug treatment are still controversial and need further research.Most patients with uterine borderline leiomyoma have a good prognosis,but they are at risk of postoperative recurrence and long-term malignancy.Close follow-up is required after surgery.