公共危机与道德人格——关于抗击新冠病毒疫情的思考

Public Crisis and Moral Personality——Thoughts on Fighting Against New Coronavirus

道德人格是一个个体在持续进行的生产、交往和生活中,通过外部教化和内心自觉而形成的,由信、知、情、意四个要素组成的心理结构和精神系统;它保证了一个人能够在道德感知、判断、推理和选择过程中保持自我同一性,能够进行正确思考和正当行动。道德人格是德性结构的核心,是德性论、规范论和实践论得以立论的源初性根据。在稳定的社会状态下,道德人格以"理""情"结构发挥效力;在危机状态下,则以"情""理"结构集中显现。在公共危机及危机管理中,往日那种隐藏着的"向善"与"趋恶"倾向会集中表达出来,从而给人一种"极善"或"极恶"的"假相",在规范论的意义上,会集中出现"例外"原则。作为面向生活世界的实践哲学,伦理学固然要着眼于危机状态下的道德"景象",更要研究稳定状态下的道德人格的养成和运用。危机状态下在道德行动上的"过度""不足"与"适度"现象,都会在"后疫情时代"得到反思、批判和修正。

Moral personality is a psychological structure and mental system formed by external education and inner self-consciousness in the continuous production,communication and life of an individual,which is composed of four elements:faith,knowledge,emotion and will.It ensures that a person can maintain self-identity in the process of moral perception,judgment,reasoning and choice,and can think correctly and act justly.Moral personality is the core of the structure of virtue,which is the original basis of virtue theory,normative theory and practice theory.In a stable state of society,moral personality plays an effective role with the structure of"reason"and"emotion";in a crisis state,however,it appears in a centralized way with the structure of"emotion"and"reason".In the public crisis and crisis management,the hidden tendency of"to be good"and"to be evil"in the past will be expressed in a centralized way,which will give people a"false appearance"of"extremely good"or"extremely evil".In the sense of normative theory,the principle of"exception"will appear in a centralized way.As a practical philosophy facing the life world,ethics should not only focus on the moral"Scene"in the crisis state,but also study the cultivation and application of moral personality in the stable state.The phenomenon of"excessive","insufficient"and"moderate"in moral action in crisis state will be reflected,criticized and corrected in the"post epidemic era".