唐顺之“本色论”及其崇陶情结发微

An Exploration to Theory for Elegance of Tang Shunzhi and His Complexity of Honoring Tao Yuanming

作为明中期唐宋派代表人物之一的唐顺之,其倡导的"本色论"文学观,是此派重要的文学理论纲领,而"本色论"又是以唐顺之"天机论"为理论基础的。"天机论"实即王阳明心学思想的体现,它是‘本色论’的思想根源。唐顺之所论之"天机"、"性源"、"心源"、"完美神明"等诸词,实乃"天机"之别称;所论之"直抒胸臆"、"信手写出"、"上乘文字"等诸词,实乃"本色"之另说。"天机"是本根、灵魂,"本色"是本能、本真,二者缺一不可。只有将二者自然融合为一,相辅相成,这样才能熔铸出"胸中流出"、"真见露出"之"上乘文字",最终达到文以明道的创作目的。陶渊明的"真"与"自然"的审美范式,正是唐顺之所倡导的"天机"与"本色"文学观的最佳体现。所以,唐顺之从中华浩瀚无垠的诗海中精准选择陶渊明作为本色派的一面鲜艳而高扬的旗帜,钟情陶诗,身体力行,情结深厚,通过自己乡居田园诗的成功创作实践,圆满构建了知行合一的"本色论"文学思想体系,在中国文学批评发展史上树立了一块不可磨灭的丰碑!

Tang Shunzhi is one of the representatives of Tang-song school in the middle of Ming dynasty,the literature view of the theory for elegance advocated by him is the important literature theory guiding principle of this school,however the theory for elegance is based on the theory for secret by himself.The theory for secret is actually the reflection of the theory for the combination of recognition and action by Wang Yangming,and it is the thinking source of the theory for elegance.The secret,source of nature,source of mind,perfection and so on,discussed by him,is actually the other name for secret.The direct expression,convenient writing,word of good quality and so on,discussed by him,is the other discussion to elegance.The secret is the essence and soul,elegance is instinct and the real look,they are indispensable.Combing them in a natural way,supplementing each other,we can cast the words of good quality as expression from heart and expression of truth,finally reaching the creating purpose of explaining reason with expression.The aesthetic normal formula of truth and nature by Tao Yuanming is the best reflection of the literature view in secret and elegance advocated by Tang Shunzhi.Therefore,Tang Shunzhi exactly selects Tao Yuanming as a bright-colored and high spirited flag of the school of elegance from the vast Chinese poetry,deeply loving the poems by Tao Yuanming,practising them with great passion,fully constructing his literature thinking system of the theory for elegance with the combination of recognition and action through his successful creating practice in eclogue,building up an indelible monument in Chinese literature criticism development history.