“诗赋不必寓教训”与“文学的自觉”关系讨论

Discussion on the Relationship between Poetry and Prose Need not Contain Lessons and Literary Consciousness

鲁迅先生评论曹丕所言"诗赋不必寓教训"时提及"文学的自觉",自此展开学界关于"文学的自觉"的热论。结合中国文学固有的民族性和特定的历史进程来看,文学经历了两汉时期"无功利的本能"和"应用的功利"两种情形并存,到曹丕的时代表现为"不必寓教训"的"纯文学"状态,从文人意识、文学理论的隐性自觉到由外及内显性的自觉,这是个漫长的发展过程。任何朝代的统治都离不开"寓诗赋于训勉","诗赋不必寓教训"并不能证明曹丕的时代就是纯粹的"文学的自觉"时代。

The article takes Luxun’s comments on Cao Pi as a point of penetration,which is discuss the criteria of literary consciousness.It is mentioned in the commentary that encouraged by poetry and fu,while Cao Pi and his later literature broke away from encouragement and entered the era of literary consciousness.This leads me to discuss the relationship between poems and fu need not contain lessons and literary consciousness.The article demonstrates the route of literary development,the factors contained in literary consciousness and the long process of literary evolution,and then concludes that poems and fu need not contain lessons can not be used as a criterion to measure literary consciousness.Literature can not be separated from instruction and encouragement,literature's self-consciousness and development have their own routes and trends.