初一新生昼夜现象的前概念表现及其心智模型

Research on the Newly-enrolled Secondary Students’Preconceptions and Mental Models of the Day and Night Phenomenon

前概念研究是进行有效地理教学的基础。初一新生普遍对地球的形状有了科学的理解,但对相关的昼夜现象的认识却存在着较多的误区。通过对5133名初一新生答题的内容分析显示,尽管学生们能很好地认识地球形状,但却存在三个典型的前概念影响学生对昼夜现象的理解,分别是:双地球模型,浮球模型与手电筒模型。这些前概念为地理教学带来了启示,教师应识别前概念,科学确定教学难点,在课堂上应铺垫相关的背景知识,并谨慎选择地理图文教学资源。

Preconception research is the basis for effective geography teaching.The newly-enrolled students of junior middle school have scientific understanding of the shape of the earth,but there are many misunderstandings about the related day and night phenomenon.Analysis of the answer results of 5,133 newly-enrolled students shows that there are three typical preconceptions that affected students'understanding of the day and night phenomenon,which are Dual Earth Model,Floating Ball Model and Electric Torch Model.The performance and causes of these preconceptions bring enlightenments to geography teaching.Teachers should identify preconceptions in order to identify teaching difficulties scientifically.Other effective measures include providing relevant background knowledge in the classroom and carefully selecting teaching resources to avoid misunderstandings.