生物资源领域国际发展态势研究及启示

Research and Enlightenment on the Global Development Trends in Bioresources

生物资源是人类繁衍和发展最基本的物质基础,是一个国家保障和协调生态文明、经济发展、人民健康和生物安全的重要战略资源。为了促进生物多样性保护和可持续发展目标的实现,更好地保藏和利用自身的生物资源,世界主要国家与地区在动物资源、植物资源、微生物资源、标本资源和人类遗传资源等方面开展了多方位的体系建设。近年来,在传统生物资源保藏和保护手段和工具的基础上,结合信息科技和生物科技等领域的前沿技术,生物资源的收集、保藏、分类、鉴定,生物多样性检测、保护以及遗传生物资源的开发利用等方面取得了多项成果。面向2020年后全球生物多样性发展的新局面,加强战略生物资源的保护、研究和利用意义重大,而生物资源领域在物种多样性维持、生态环境保护、遗传资源惠益分享、新兴生物技术监管和生物安全风险防控等方面面临严峻挑战。我国作为生物多样性大国和生物资源研发与利用技术的领先国家之一,应当在“美丽中国”建设的指导下,建立完善有利于战略生物资源可持续利用与发展的制度框架体系,强化生物安全和生物伦理问题的监管,加强生物多样性保护和生态环境建设,加强生物资源相关学科和技术的研发能力和设施建设,发展基于可再生生物资源的生物经济新模式,拓展生物资源保藏保护体系的社会服务功能,在促进达成2020后全球生物多样性框架目标和联合国可持续发展目标方面发挥重要作用。

Bioresources are the most basic material basis for human reproduction and development and are important strategic resources for our nation to safeguard and coordinate ecological civilization,economic development,public health and biosecurity.In order to promote the realizations of biodiv ersity conservation and sustainable development goals,ma jor countries and regions in the wodd have carried out multi-dimensional system construction to preserve and utilize domestic bi ological resources suchanimal,plant,microbial,specimen and human genetic resources.In recent years,on the basis of traditional methods and tools for the preservat ion and protection of biological resources and in combination with cuttingedge technologies in the felds of information technology and biotechnology,many achievements have been made in the collection,conservation,cassific ation and identification of biological resources,the detection and protection of biological diversity,and the development and utilization of genetic biological resources.Facing the new situation of global biodiversity development after 2020,it is of great signi ficance to strengthen the conservation,R&D and utilization of strategie biological resource,while in this field we are still facing severe challenges in species diversity maintenance,ecological environment protection,benefit sharing of genetic resoures,regulation of emerging biotechnology and biosafety/biosecurity risk management.As a big country of biodiversity and one of the leading countries in the research,developme nt and utilization of biological resources,China should,under the guidance of the"beautiful China"construction,establish and perfect an institutional framework.system conducive to the sustainable ut ilization and development of stralegic biological resources,strengthen the supervision of biosafety and bioethics issues,strengthen the protection of biodiversity and ecological environment,and strengl hen the research and development capabilities and facilties of S&T re lated to biological resources.The development new models of bioconomy based on renew able biological resources and the expansion of the social service function of the biological resources preservation and protection system in China will also play an important role in promoting the achievement of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework goals and the United Nations sust ainable development goals.