计及电池损耗的电动公交车参与V2G的优化调度策略

Optimal Dispatching Strategy of Electric Bus Participating in Vehicle-to-Grid Considering Battery Loss

考虑动力电池的损耗成本,提出一种电动公交车参与电动汽车与电网互动(V2G)的多时间尺度优化调度策略。首先,依据工程经济学原理建立动力电池的损耗模型。然后,在日前阶段的上层以公交公司的日运营成本最小为目标,采用迭代法对电池损耗成本和充电站的充放电计划进行联动优化;下层模型在上层优化结果的基础上,以配电网负荷峰谷差最小为目标,进一步优化充电站的充放电计划。日内阶段对光伏出力和配电网基础负荷功率进行滚动更新,以公交公司日运营成本最小和日前、日内计划偏差最小为目标对日前计划进行修正。最后,从公交公司和电网2个角度对无序充电、有序充电、参与V2G的3种方案进行对比分析,验证了电动公交车参与V2G时的优越性,并通过灵敏度分析表明不同V2G补偿系数下公交公司运营成本的变化趋势。

Considering the loss cost of power batteries, a multi-time scale optimal dispatching strategy of electric buses participating in vehicle-to-grid(V2G) is proposed. Firstly, based on the principle of engineering economics, a loss model of power battery is established. In order to optimize both the battery loss cost and the charging-discharging plan of charging station, an iterative method is adopted to minimize the daily operation cost of the bus company in upper layer of day-ahead stage. Based on results optimized in the upper layer, the charging-discharging plan of charging station is further optimized to minimize the peak-tovalley difference of distribution network. In the intraday stage, the output power of photovoltaic(PV) and the base load power of distribution network are wavily updated, the day-ahead plan is revised in order to minimize the daily operation cost of bus company and the deviation between day-ahead plan and intraday plan. Finally, from the perspectives of bus company and power grid, three strategies of unordered charging, orderly charging and participating in V2G are compared and analyzed to verify the superiority of electric bus participating in V2G. The changing trend of the operation cost of bus company with different V2G compensation coefficients is reflected by sensitivity analysis.