雄性不育野生茶树开花生物学特性

Flowering Biological Characteristics of Male Sterile Wild Tea Plants

为观察野生茶树雄性不育株开花生物学特性,探讨野生茶树雄性不育表型特征。以野生茶树雄性不育株及可育株为试材,田间观察了野生茶树的开花物候期、单花发育进程和花器形态特征,并采用离体萌发法、染色法测定其花粉活力和柱头可授性。结果表明:野生茶树雄性不育株开花物候期为9月上旬—10月上旬,全花期持续约29~33天,花期与对照材料相近。雄性不育花从花芽分化至花瓣凋谢平均历时约107天,比对照长14天。雄性不育花器结构具有典型的雄不育特征,表现为花冠开展度小,花丝弯曲畸形,花药彼此粘连,皱缩干瘪,不裂药,花药内无花粉或有微量败育花粉。雄性不育花雌性器官发育正常,柱头从开花前1天至开花后4天具有可授性,最佳授粉时间为开花后1天。所调查的野生茶树雄性不育类型属于花药败育型和花粉败育型。

To study the flowering biological characteristics of male sterility in wild tea plants,and reveal the phenotypic characteristics,taking the male sterile plants and fertile plants of wild tea as materials,we observed the flowering phenology,single-flower development process and flower morphological characteristics of wild tea plants in field,and measured the pollen viability and stigma receptivity by the methods of in vitro germination and staining.The results showed that:the flowering phase of male sterile plants of wild tea lasted for 29-33 days from early September to early October,the flowering phenology was similar to that of the control material;there were 107 days from bud germination to withering of male sterile flowers,14 days longer than the control material;male sterile flowers had the typical characteristics of male-sterile,such as low corolla development degree,bent and deformed filaments,adhered and shriveled anthers,anthers unable to release pollen or release aborted pollen;female organs of male sterile flowers developed normally in wild tea plants,the stigma receptivity were from 1 day before flowering to 4 days after flowering,the best pollination time was 1 day after flowering.The investigated male sterile wild tea plants belong to the types of anther abortion and pollen abortion.