薄板铝合金光纤激光-MIG复合焊工艺与性能研究

Study on the technology and performance of fiber laser-MIG hyrid welding of aluminum alloy sheet

为了解决传统焊接方法焊接铝合金的生产效率低,并产生夹钨、裂纹、气孔等缺陷,文中采用了光纤激光-MIG复合焊的方式对2 mm厚的A6082铝合金进行了焊接,通过控制变量法确定了不同焊接工艺参数的影响规律。经反复试验,确定了最佳焊接工艺参数后,获得了优质的焊接接头,并对此复合焊接头的力学性能及内部显微组织进行了研究。由试验结果得出,A6082铝合金材料的焊缝组织主要由α-Al固溶体和少量β(Al8Mg5)这2种组织组成,且组织形貌为柱状晶形态;焊缝金属的硬度低于母材的硬度,焊接HAZ的硬度低于焊缝金属的硬度;焊接接头拉伸试验断裂位置在热影响区,其最高抗拉强度约是母材的78%,拉伸断口形貌为塑性断口。

In order to solve the defects of the traditional welding methods such as low production efficiency,tungsten inclusion,crack,porosity and so on,the fiber-MIG hybrid welding of 2 mm thick A6082 aluminum alloy had been carried out.The influence rules of different welding process parameters were determined by control variable method.After the best welding process parameters were determined through repeated tests,the high quality welded joint was obtained.On this basis,the mechanical properties and internal microstructure of the hybrid welded joint were studied.The results showed that the A6082 aluminum alloy weld microstructure wes mainly composed of a solid solution of α-Al and β(Al8 Mg5),the morphology was columnar.The hardness of weld metal was lower than that of the base metal,and the hardness of HAZ was lower than that of weld metal.The tensile fracture location of the welded joint was in the heat affected zone,and the maximum tensile strength was about 78% of the base metal,and the tensile fracture surface was molded fracture.