冰崩灾害的界定与类型划分——以青藏高原地区为例

A preliminary study of definition and classification of ice avalanche in the Tibetan Plateau region

青藏高原地区是我国冰崩发生最多的区域。20世纪以来,随着全球气候变暖,该区域多次发生冰崩事件,给当地居民带来了严重的生命财产损失。对该区域冰崩的深入调查和研究对于冰崩灾害的防灾减灾具有重要的实际意义。通过对冰崩灾害的致灾方式、运动过程和影响因素等进行分析和总结,结合高山峡谷地区冰崩灾害的典型特征,对冰崩灾害的定义进行了详细阐述,认为冰崩灾害不应仅包含冰川垮塌形成的直接灾害,还应包含由冰川垮塌引发的链式灾害。在此基础上,将冰崩灾害分为冰崩直接灾害、冰崩-冰湖溃决灾害和冰崩-堵溃链式灾害3种类型,以期建立具有普适性、实用性的分类标准,为青藏高原地区冰崩灾害的深入研究和防灾减灾救灾提供理论基础和科学依据。

The Tibetan Plateau has the largest ice avalanche in China.Since the 20th Century,with global warming,more and more ice avalanches have occurred in this region,which makes serious loss of life and property of the local residents.Further researches and investigations on ice avalanches have important practical significance for preventing and reducing the disasters.On the basis of the analysis and summary of the disaster mode,the avalanches movements and influence factors,in combination with the typical characteristics of the ice avalanche in alpine valley region,the authors elaborated the definition of the ice avalanche disaster.It is considered that ice avalanche disaster should not only contain the formation of the disasters directly induced by ice avalanche but also include the chain-type disaster induced by ice avalanche.Based on the definition,the authors also divided ice avalanche disaster into three types,i.e.,ice avalanche direct hazard,ice avalanche induced glacier lake outburst flood hazard and ice avalanche induced dammed lake outburst flood hazard.The authors want to establish some universal and practical classification criteria which could provide the theoretical and scientific basis for the further study about disaster prevention,mitigation and relief of ice avalanche in the Tibetan Plateau.