逻辑与西方形而上学的明证性

Logic and Clarity of Western Metaphysics

西方形而上学与逻辑的本质关联起源于语言上对系词的追问。逻辑学整体上可以分为无内容的逻辑与有内容的逻辑。无内容的逻辑即是以亚里士多德所创立的形式逻辑为开端,经中世纪经院哲学发展,在现代通过弗雷格、罗素、逻辑实证主义及分析哲学发展到顶峰的纯粹形式化的符号系统。它将形而上学消解于语言符号的结构分析中;有内容的逻辑以亚里士多德范畴论划分存在的不同等级为开端,近代经康德先验逻辑确立了范畴与感性直观的先天关联及黑格尔以思辨逻辑揭示了存在自身证成的内在机制。海德格尔以胡塞尔对范畴直观的描述为引线,在有限性的"此在"之在世存在的生存方式上,指出形而上学是逻辑学的基础而不是相反。马克思将通达形而上意义的辩证法复归人的感性实践,打破了辩证法的神秘性和理论性,澄清了形而上学逻辑的现实基础。

A fundamental relation between Western metaphysics and logic come from the use of Be. The logic may have two kinds: logic which has contens and logic which has no contents. logic which has no contents began from Aristotle. From The Middle Ages to modern Analytical philosophy, the metaphysics had been dissolved in pure symbol system. Logic which has contens began from Aristotle’s theory about category. Kant’s sensitive intuition, Hegel’s speculative logic all try to prove the clarity of metaphisics. Heidegger used Husserl’s category intuition, and pointed out that metaphysics is the fundamental of logic. Marx put dialetics on sensitivity practice,that revealed the reality basis of logic.