右美托咪啶用于高血压患者麻醉的研究进展

Research progress of dexmedetomidine in anesthesia of patients with hypertension

高血压是临床上一种常见的多发病,因患者长期血压处于较高的状态,会引发心血管等多系统功能变化。老年高血压患者主要的血压特点为单纯收缩性高血压,患者的脉压差较大,白天和夜间的血压差异性较大,动脉硬化与靶器官的受损情况严重。如果老年高血压患者采用外科手术和其他侵入性检查,如何保证患者的血压稳定性显得十分重要。临床上往往采用各类麻醉药物进行镇痛,但是高血压患者的血压会受到麻醉药物的影响。为了更好地保证患者的手术安全性,降低血流动力学的影响,麻醉药物的选择对于患者治疗效果具有重要作用。右美托嘧啶是一种高选择性肾上腺素受体激动剂,与传统阿片类药物相比,右美托嘧啶的安全性和有效性更高,在围术期可以维持围术期高血压患者血流动力学稳定,预防血压骤变引发的风险。本研究就右美托嘧啶在高血压患者麻醉中的优势和具体内容进行综述。

Hypertension is a common and frequently-occurring disease in clinic.Because of the high blood pressure for a long time,it will cause the changes of cardiovascular and other multi-system functions.The main blood pressure characteristics of the elderly patients with hypertension are simple systolic hypertension,large pulse pressure difference among patients,large pulse pressure difference between day and night and serious damage of arteriosclorosis and target organ.How to ensure the stability of blood pressure is very important in the surgical operation and other invasive examination of elderly patients with hypertension.In clinic,all kinds of anesthetics are often used for analgesia,but the blood pressure of patients with hypertension will be affected by anesthetics.In order to better ensure the safety of patients’operation and reduce the impact of hemodynamics,the selection of anesthetics plays an important role in the treatment effect of patients.Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective adrenergic receptor agonist.Compared with traditional opioid drugs,dexmedetomidine is safer and more effective.It can maintain the hemodynamic stability of patients with perioperative hypertension and prevent the risk of sudden change of blood pressure.In this study,the advantages and specific contents of dexmedetomidine in anesthesia of patients with hypertension are summarized.