黄河泥沙充填复垦农田生产力障碍因素调查分析

Investigation and analysis of obstacle factors on productivity of the reclaimed farmland filled with Yellow River sediment

为揭示复垦农田生产力的障碍因素,提升黄河泥沙充填复垦农田的作物产量,选取山东省邱集煤矿黄河泥沙充填复垦区域为对象,通过农户问卷调查和定点采样分析的方法进行研究。结果表明:1)黄河泥沙充填复垦农田覆土厚度影响小麦实际产量,随着覆土厚度的减小,小麦实际产量呈现递减趋势;2)土壤有机质、总氮、总磷、碱解氮和有效磷含量整体上与研究区农田小麦实际产量成正相关;3)施肥量对黄河泥沙充填复垦农田小麦调查产量的影响不稳定性较强;耕种复垦农田的农户习惯施肥量存在严重过高现象,且肥料施用比例失衡;4)研究区两类农田小麦调查产量与灌溉量均在0.01水平上显著相关。在研究区内利用黄河泥沙充填复垦采煤沉陷地是可行的,但复垦农田在耕作管理过程中应当采取少量多次的施肥和灌溉方式,注意农作物秸秆还田,培肥地力、提高土壤保水保肥能力等。

In order to reveal the obstacle factors of productivity and improve the crop yield of the reclaimed farmland filled with Yellow River sediment,a filling reclamation area with Yellow River sediment located in Qiuji coal mine,Shandong Province was taken as study object.Analysis was carried out in this study by using questionnaire survey and sampling analysis.The results showed that:1)The covering soil thickness of reclaimed farmland filled with Yellow River sediment affected the actual wheat yield.With the decrease of covering soil thickness,the actual wheat yield presented a decreasing trend;2)The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were positively correlated with the actual wheat yield of farmland in the study area as a whole;3)The influence of fertilizer application amount on the investigated wheat yield of reclaimed farmland filled with Yellow River sediment was highly unstable;and there was a serious phenomenon that the amount of fertilizer used by the farmers who cultivated the reclaimed farmland was very high and the proportions of fertilizer were unbalanced;4)There was a significant correlation between the wheat yield and irrigation amount of the two types of farmland in the research area at the level of 0.01.In conclusion,it is feasible to use Yellow River sediment to fill and reclaim the mining subsidence land in the study area.However,small amount and multiple times of fertilization and irrigation methods should be adopted in the process of cultivation and management of the reclaimed farmland,and the return of crop straw to the field should be taken seriously to fertilize the soil and improve the soil capacity to retain water and fertilizer.