华北薏苡新品种‘太空Ⅰ号’产量构成及最佳施肥配方的研究

Yield components and optimal fertilization of the new Coix species’Space No.Ⅰ’in North China

为解析适宜华北种植的薏苡优良品种的产量构成,以薏苡早熟高产新品种‘太空Ⅰ号’为研究对象,通过分蘖数、穗着粒数等主要农艺性状与产量的相关性分析、通径分析和主成分分析及‘太空Ⅰ号’最佳施肥配方,解析薏苡高产构成。结果表明:1)相关分析显示,株高、总节数、单株穗数和分蘖数与薏苡高产最相关;2)通径分析显示,单株穗数、分蘖数和穗着粒数对薏苡高产的贡献最高;3)主成分分析显示,‘太空Ⅰ号’的高产构成主要由单株穗数多、分蘖数多、穗着粒数和百粒重适中组成;4)最适于‘太空Ⅰ号’的施肥配方为氮肥15kg/667 m^2、磷肥50kg/667m^2和钾肥20kg/667m^2,在北京地区的单产可达280kg/667m^2以上。综上所述,‘太空Ⅰ号’单株穗数多、分蘖数多、穗着粒数和百粒重适中、早熟高产,是适合中国华北种植的优良薏苡品种。

The aim of this study was to investigate the yield components of Coix species suitable for planting in North China.An early maturing and high yield Coix species’Space No.Ⅰ’,which was selected from space breeding,was used as study material.The correlation analysis,path analysis and principal component analysis of main agronomic traits of’Space No.Ⅰ’were conducted.The results showed that plant height,number of nodes,number of spikes and number of tillers were most related to the Coix high yield;The number of spikes,grain number per spike contributed most to high yield;The yield component of’Space No.Ⅰ’was related to high levels of spike numbers and tiller numbers,moderate level of grain number per spike and hundred-grain weight;The optimum fertilization formula of’Space No.Ⅰ’was 15 kg/667 m^2 nitrogenous fertilizer,50 kg/667 m^2 phosphate fertilizer and 20 kg/667 m^2 potash fertilizer.Under the optimum fertilization condition,the average yield of’Space No.Ⅰ’was over 280 kg/667 m^2.In conclusion,the high levels of both spike numbers and tiller numbers,and the moderate level of grain number per spike and hundred-grain weight were the characters most suitable for Coix species planting in North China.