基于线激光扫描的飞机表面锪窝孔参数提取方法

Method for Extracting Hole Parameters of Aircraft Surface Based on Linear Laser Scanning

飞机表面孔的加工和检测仍是飞机自动化装配领域的一大瓶颈,主要有工程量大,材料复杂多样,精度要求高以及表面多为大型自由曲面等原因。为了实现飞机表面锪窝孔的非接触式自动化检测,首先分析实际工程中锪孔检测的难点,结合装配时的根本质量需求和接触式量规的测量原理,给出锪孔参数的评价标准;然后,借助窝深量规的测量原理,提出一种针对粗糙曲面工件的补偿模型及修正算法;最后,基于线激光三维扫描技术得到的点云数据及灰度图,综合运用点云库和计算机视觉等技术,提出一种飞机表面锪孔参数的高精度提取方法。通过多组试验,比较该方法测量结果与标准件及量规测量结果的差异,验证了该方法能够高效、准确地检测锪孔的相关参数。

The machining and detection of aircraft surface holes is still a major bottleneck in the field of aircraft automation assembly,mainly due to the large amount of engineering,complex and diverse materials,high precision requirements and large free-form surfaces.In order to realize non-contact automatic detection,the difficulties of countersink hole detection in practical engineering is analyzed.Combined with the fundamental quality requirement during assembly and the measurement principle of contact gauge,the criteria for evaluating the parameters of countersinks is given.Then,with the measurement principle of depth gauge,a compensation model for rough and curved surface workpiece is proposed.Then based on the point cloud data and grayscale image obtained by three-dimensional laser scanning technology,using the point cloud library and computer vision technology,a high-precision extraction method for the countersink hole parameters of the aircraft surface is proposed.Through several sets of experiments,the difference between the measured results of proposed method and those of standard part and gauge is compared,which proves that this method can detect the relevant parameters of countersink holes efficiently and accurately.