海洋生态环境损害:政府索赔权的法理审视与规范构造

Marine Ecological Environment Damage:Theoretical Evidence and Normative Structure of Government Claim Right

海洋生态环境损害赔偿目标实现的关键在于政府索赔权的优化配置。作为政府索赔权正当性来源的国家环保义务与海域国家所有权,要求政府进行海洋生态环境损害赔偿应从公法规范中寻求合法性支持。新一轮国务院机构改革对海洋生态环境损害索赔主体的确定提出了挑战。《海洋环境保护法》的修订,应以生态环境和自然资源两大要素为基础,明确生态环境部与自然资源部在海洋生态环境损害赔偿中的权限分工,构建以生态环境部为主导、多部门协调的索赔机制,实现海洋生态保护与资源利用的衔接与优化。

The key to achieve the goal of compensation for marine ecological environment damage lies in the optimal allocation of government claim right.As the legitimate source of the government’s claim right,the state environmental protection obligation and the state ownership of the sea area require the government to seek legal support from the norms of public law in the lawsuit of compensation for marine ecological environment damage.A new round of institutional reform of The State Council challenges the determination of the subject of claims for marine ecological environment damage.The revision of the marine environmental protection law should be based on the two elements of ecological environment and natural resources,clarify the division of authority between The Ministry of Ecological Environment and The Ministry of Natural Resources in the compensation of the damage,build a claim mechanism led by The Ministry of Ecological Environment and coordinated by multiple departments,thus realizing the connection and optimization of marine ecological protection and resource utilization.