钢制组装式车轮的轻量化设计及多目标优化

Lightweight design and multi⁃objective optimization of steel assembled wheel

设计了一种以热轧高强钢作为内轮辋、低碳钢作为外轮辋材料的异种钢材组装式车轮,提出一种车轮多种工况下循环载荷疲劳耐久试验方法,对车轮进行疲劳寿命预测.基于有限元法,计算不同位置下施加载荷时车轮的强度、刚度,不同应力频率下的疲劳寿命和安全系数,并分析出局部大应力关键部分.以转弯工况建立参数化模型,定义了8个结构设计变量,利用最优拉丁超方实验设计方法选取初始样本点,拟合了车轮Kriging近似模型,以车轮最小质量、疲劳寿命和疲劳寿命安全系数最大为目标,并以应力、最大形变量为约束,对车轮进行多目标优化,并进行弯曲疲劳试验验证.结果表明,异种钢材组装式车轮在优化后,性能良好,满足设计寿命要求,质量较优化前车轮减重9.73%.

A kind of dissimilar steel assembled wheel with B500CL as inner rim and Q345B as outer rim material is designed,and a multi-variable cyclic load fatigue endurance test method is used to predict the fatigue life of the wheel.Based on finite element method,the strength and stiffness of the wheel under different loads and the fatigue life and safety factor under different stress frequencies are calculated,and the key parts of local large stress are analyzed.A parameterized model is established in the turning condition,and 8 structural design variables are defined.The initial sample points are selected by using the optimal Latin hyper-square experimental design method and the Kriging approximate model of wheels is fitted.Taking the minimum mass,fatigue life and the maximum fatigue life safety coefficient of the wheel as the objective,and taking the stress and the maximum shape variables as the constraints,the multi-objective optimization of the wheel was carried out,and the bending fatigue test was conducted for verification.The results show that the dissimilar steel assembled wheels have good performance and meet the design life requirement after optimization.Compared with the wheel before optimization,the quality of dissimilar steel assembled wheels is reduced by 9.73%.