空间规划职能组织与权责分配——日本、英国、荷兰的经验借鉴

Spatial Planning’s Function Organization and the Allocation of Power and Responsibility:Learning from Japan,the UK and the Netherlands

自然资源部的成立实现了空间规划管理职能的合并,然而从提升空间治理效率的角度来看,大一统后的空间规划行政机构仍然面临整合管理职能、协调央地权责等挑战。本文通过对日本、英国和荷兰空间规划职能组织的梳理,探索其在空间规划管理机构、中央一级规划职能设置和央地权利责任分配上的特征,认为其相对独立的规划建议反馈机构、多维度的规划职能划分、规划事权的动态调整对于改革背景下我国空间规划职能的深度整合具有借鉴价值。在此基础上文章提出:我国空间规划职能组织和权责分配应考虑设立独立的规划建议反馈机构;从空间划分和问题导向两方面进行多维度的规划职能分配;合理调整央地权责关系。

The establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources has realized the merger of the functions of spatial planning management.However,from the perspective of improving the efficiency of space management,the spatial planning administrative agencies still face the challenge of how to integrate management functions and coordinate the powers and responsibilities of the central authorities.Through the combing of the spatial planning of Japan,the UK and the Netherlands,the paper explores the characteristics of the spatial planning institutions,the structure of planning functional department of the central level and powers and liabilities distribution.The characteristics that having a relatively independent feedback mechanism for planning suggestions,splitting the multi-dimensional planning functions and adjusting planning powers and responsibilities provide experience for the deep integration of Chinese spatial planning functions.On this basis,the paper proposes that we should set up an independent feedback mechanism for planning suggestions,split the planning functions comprehensively from the problem orientation and space division and adjust the relationship of the powers and responsibilities between the central and local government reasonably.