基于人才支援的乡村振兴战略——日本的经验与借鉴

Human Support Towards Rural Regeneration in Japan and Its Implications for Rural Revitalization of China

基于人才支援的乡村振兴是日本各地近年来十分关注的新型乡村再生战略。本文首先梳理了日本导入乡村支援员和乡村振兴支援队等人才支援政策的背景、内容、主要成果及实施评价。其次从乡村振兴的本质、人才回流支援、乡村组织模式等视角探讨该策略对我国乡村振兴的借鉴意义。日本基于人才支援的乡村振兴战略是在城乡交流不断深化,以及面向乡村的财政补助政策重点转移到“人”的背景下产生的。它推动了人由城市向乡村回流并在乡村创造新的就业机会,一定意义上实现了乡村的活化和振兴,形成了促进乡村就业与人才回流的良性循环。虽然日本与我国存在一定社会差异,基于人才支援的乡村振兴政策也存在一些问题,但其在促进人才回流、乡村治理以及城乡共生关系的形成上对我国有重要的借鉴意义。

The policy of human support for the rural community is playing an increasing role in the process of rural regeneration in Japan.This paper aims to clarify why Japan starts to introduce this policy,and what main achievements and existing issues are by analyzing the two types of supporters in the rural community.Then key experience has been extracted through the discussion of what the essence for rural revitalization is,what effective ways to support human resource return to the rural areas are,and how to promote local self-government in rural communities of China.It finds that the policy of rural supporters is introduced under the shift of government subsidy from“material”to“human”,and in the progress of deepening Japanese rural-urban conversation.The implementation of rural-regeneration supporters brings new employment opportunities and human resources to the rural community,which plays a crucial role in revitalizing rural Japan.More importantly,it helps to create a good circulation between employment opportunities and human resources returning to Japanese rural areas.Although there remain some issues for the policy of rural supporters to be solved,it is apparent that the implementation of human supporters is valuable experience for China to learn to regenerate its rural areas.It would contribute to the accumulation of human resources within rural areas,strengthen rural self-government capability locally,and finally promote the coexistence relationship between rural and urban areas.