城市尺度建筑节能规划的国际经验及启示

Building Energy Efficiency Planning at Urban Scale:International Experience and Inspiration

建筑能耗是城市能耗的主体。在城市规划层面进行大尺度建筑节能,能够在宏观层面有效把控城市尺度建筑能耗水平,降低建筑总体能耗;能够灵活协调现有城市空间环境建设管理与城市节能的关系,有效减少能耗花费,综合考虑各方面影响因素,制定科学有效的规划决策。本文对比了伦敦、纽约、东京、多伦多四个发达国家城市在城市尺度建筑节能规划方面的专项规划策略、规划政策管理、技术研究以及节能规划效果四方面经验,详细阐述了城市空间形态、城市微气候环境以及用能行为这三个影响城市尺度建筑节能规划的主要因素,并从规划框架建构、数据收集处理和跨学科技术支持三方面探讨了当前进行城市尺度建筑节能规划面临的困难与挑战,最终提出在宏观专项规划体系、社会监管、数据信息及跨领域合作等四方面的思考。

Building energy consumption is the main component of urban energy consumption.Controlling building energy consumption at the level of urban planning can effectively control the energy consumption at the macro level and reduce the overall building energy consumption;it can flexibly coordinate the relationship between the built environment management and urban energy conservation;it can effectively reduce energy consumption costs;it can comprehensively consider all aspects of influencing factors and formulate scientific and effective planning decisions.This paper compares the special planning strategies,planning policy management,technical research and energy efficiency planning effects of four developed cities worldwide,i.e.,London,New York,Tokyo and Toronto,and elaborates on the main influencing factors of urban scale building energy efficiency planning in three aspects including urban spatial form,urban microclimate environment and energy using behavior.The paper also discusses the difficulties and challenges of building energy efficiency planning at urban scale from three aspects:planning framework construction,data collection and processing and interdisciplinary technical support.In the end,four suggestions are put forward:macro-special planning system,social supervision,data information and cross-disciplinary cooperation.