母亲孕后期贫血对6月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血发生的影响调查

Survey on the risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in 6-month-old infants

目的探讨6月龄婴儿营养性缺铁性贫血的临床特点,分析影响贫血的影响因素,为防治早期缺铁性贫血提供依据.方法采取调查问卷等方法分析1 477例6月龄儿童的产前、产时及产后资料,调查6月龄婴儿贫血的临床资料和影响因素.结果1 477例6月龄婴儿中,符合IDA诊断的共271例,IDA患病率为18.3%;母亲孕后期贫血129例,患病率为8.73%;纯母乳喂养率为43.0%.单因素分析显示,不同家庭户口类型、不同母亲学历及不同母亲孕后期贫血状况的婴儿间,其6月龄IDA患病率具有显著性差异.足月儿6月龄时IDA患病率低于早产儿,正常出生体质量的婴儿6月龄时IDA的患病率低于低出生体质量儿和巨大儿,纯母乳喂养婴儿6月龄时IDA患病率低于混合喂养和人工喂养的婴儿.多因素分析结果显示,母亲学历低、母亲孕后期贫血、早产及混合喂养是6月龄婴儿IDA的危险因素.结论缺铁性贫血仍是目前我国儿童常见的营养性疾病之一,6月龄婴儿的IDA与母亲孕晚期贫血密切相关,需在孕期加强母亲营养状况的监测,并关注早产儿、混合喂养婴儿营养状况,应大力推进纯母乳喂养,促进婴儿健康和神经发育.

Objective Collecting the clinical data of 6-month-old infants with iron deficiency anemia,to investigate the risk factors,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease.Methods Questionnaires were performed in 1477 infants of 6 months old,to reveal clinical features of IDA in infants and to find out the risk factors of the disease in 6-month-old infants.Results Among1477 infants,271 were diagnosed as IDA,with a prevalence of 18.3%,129 mothers had a history of late maternal iron deficiency anemia,with a ratio of 8.73%,and 43.0%infants were breast milk feeding only in 6 months.The one-way analysis showed that migrant population,mothers’educational level,anemia during late maternal age,preterm,low birth weight,and feeding patterns are associated with IDA in 6-month-old infants.Logistic analysis indicated that IDA during late maternal age,low mothers’educational level,preterm,and mixed feeding were risk factors for IDA in 6-month-old infants.Conclusion IDA is the one of the most common nutritional disease in infants.Mothers with anemia during late maternal age was the most important risk factor for IDA in 6-month-old infants.Much attention should be pay to the nutritional condition of pregnant women,preterm baby and infants who were mixed feeding.Meanwhile,more efforts should be given to encourage breast feeding,in order to prove infants’health and development.