不同施肥量对麦后复种饲料油菜养分吸收及产量的影响——以宁夏引黄灌区为例

Effects of Different Fertilizer Amounts on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Post-Wheat Forage Rape--Taking the Yellow River Irrigation District of Ningxia as an Example

为了解宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种饲料油菜的合理施肥水平,以华油杂62为材料,通过田间试验研究了氮磷钾施用量对饲料油菜生物量、养分吸收规律及产量的影响。结果表明:在整个生育期内油菜各器官的干物质累积量趋势表现为叶>茎>根,各器官的养分吸收量随着生育期的进行呈现“S”型变化趋势;整个生育期中氮磷钾肥处理(NPK)的氮磷钾养分吸收量均最高,其次是缺钾处理(NP)和缺磷处理(NK)处理,缺氮处理(PK)处理最低;株高和茎粗在生育前期各处理间差异不显著,中后期不同施肥处理间表现出一定的差异;NPK处理的鲜草产量最高,为73110.0 kg/hm^2,干草产量为11848.7 kg/hm^2,分别比对照增产48%和58.5%,NPK处理与PK、NK、NP处理的鲜草量相比分别增产33.2%、28.9%和18.8%,施肥后的效果表现为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥。这表明氮肥是影响油菜高产的主要因素,在此基础上配施磷钾肥效果更佳,而且在蕾薹期和初花期提供足够的氮磷钾肥是该油菜品种获得高产的关键。

To understand the rational fertilization level of post-wheat forage rape in the Yellow River irrigation area in Ningxia,a rape cultivar Huayouza 62 was planted in field experiment for the effects of different fertilization rates on biomass and nutrient absorption of forage rape and its yield.The results showed that throughout the growth duration,dry matter accumulation of each organ was leaf>stem>root.The nutrient absorption of each organ showed an‘S’-type change trend as the growth period progressed.During the whole growth period,the NPK treatment possessed the highest absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients,followed by the NP treatment and the NK treatment,the PK treatment was the lowest in the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients.Plant height and stem thickness did not differ significantly between treatments in the early stages of growth,but had certain differences in the middle and late stages.NPK treatment recorded the highest in fresh grass yield and dry grass yield,reaching 73110.0 kg/hm^2 and 11848.7 kg/hm^2,increased by 48% and 58.5%,respectively in comparison to CK(no fertilization).Furthmore,NPK treatment was 33.2%,28.9% and 18.8% higher than PK,NK and NP treatments respectively in the yield of fresh grass,the fertilizer efficiency was N>P>K.To sum up,nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor affecting high yield of forage rape,its combined application with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is more effective;and providing sufficient nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer at the stem elongation stage and early flowering stage is the key to obtain high yield.