专用基肥施用方式对烤烟生长及品质的影响

Effects of Special Basal Fertilizer Application Methods on the Growth and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

以云烟87为材料,研究常规干湿施肥、穴条联合施肥、双层施肥和“101”施肥这4种施肥方式对烤烟光合特性、农艺性状、化学成分、外观质量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:与常规干湿施肥相比,穴条联合施肥、双层施肥和“101”施肥处理下的烟株净光合速率显著提高了3.56%~9.38%,株高、茎围、腰叶叶面积明显增加,烤后烟叶的总糖、还原糖分别提高了13.82%~26.96%、3.62%~20.59%,糖碱比在7.75~9.97的范围内,化学成分更加协调,油分、色度增加,叶片结构更加疏松,上等烟比例提高了14.53%~36.93%,经济效益显著增加。改善的效果以穴条联合施肥方式最优,“101”施肥和双层施肥方式次之。综上所述,改善烟草专用基肥的施用方式,可提升烤烟光合特性,促进烤烟的生长,协调烟叶内在化学成分,提高烟叶外观质量,最终增加烤烟的经济效益。

With Yunyan 87 as the material,the effects of conventional wet and dry fertilization method,hole-strip combined fertilization,double layer fertilization method and“101”fertilization method on photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic characteristics,chemical composition,appearance quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results showed that:compared with the conventional dry and wet fertilization,the net photosynthetic rate of the tobacco plant under the treatment of hole-strip combined fertilization,double-layer fertilization and“101”fertilization increased by 3.56%~9.38%,the plant height,stem circumference and the area of the waist leaf increased significantly,total sugar and reducing sugar contents of the cured tobacco increased by 13.82%~26.96%,3.62%~20.59% respectively,and the ratio of sugar and nicotine was in the range of 7.75~9.97,the chemical composition was more coordinated.With the increase of oil content and chromaticity,the structure of leaves became more loose,and the proportion of top-grade tobacco leaves increased by 14.53%~36.93%,and the economic benefit increased significantly.The best effect was hole-strip combined fertilization,followed by“101”fertilization.To sum up,improving the application of tobacco specific base fertilizer can improve the photosynthetic characteristics,promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco,coordinate the internal chemical composition,improve the appearance quality of tobacco,and ultimately increase the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.