人类活动对水文干旱形成与发展的影响研究进展

Review of Human Impacts on Formation and Development of Hydrologic Drought

在高强度人类活动对地球系统产生全方位深刻影响下,干旱灾害已经不再是严格意义上的自然灾害,而成为自然-人为复合灾害。人类活动通过改变大气成分(主要通过温室气体排放)引起全球或区域性水循环过程的变化,导致气象干旱时空特性变化,从而间接影响到水文干旱的形成发展;通过改变河流蓄存状态与水力联系(主要通过蓄、引、提、调水工程)以及用水特性变化,改变河流与地下水系统调蓄功能与产汇流过程,从而直接影响到气象干旱向水文干旱的传递过程以及水文干旱的发展过程。考虑自然和社会水循环之间复杂的相互作用过程,揭示人类活动对干旱形成与发展的影响是干旱研究的重要发展方向。

Drought becomes a natural and artificial composite hazard rather than a purely natural hazard in the age of Anthropocene that human activities have profound impacts on the earth system.The anthropogenic activities have caused the variation of global or continental meteorological drought characteristics through changing the atmospheric composition(by greenhouse gas emission),which indirectly impact the formation and evolution of hydrological droughts.Besides,it has caused the changes in rainfallrunoff transformation and storage of the river-groundwater system through changing the state of river storage and hydraulic connection(by means of reservoir impoudment,water diversion,and transfer project)and river flows pathways(by means of land use change and various means of water consumption),which directly affects the propagation from meteorological drought to hydrologic drought and the evolution of hydrologic drought.The drought research is an import theme to reveal the impacts of human activities on drought development by taking the complex interactions between natural and social water cycles into account.