论适度公开原则在职务犯罪调查程序中的展开

On Implementing the Principle of Moderate Disclosure in the Procedures of Duty Crime Investigation

基于有效地监督监察权运行,立法规定监察机关应该公开监察工作信息,并对职务犯罪调查信息公开作了粗略的制度安排。不过,就法律文本及实践状况而言,职务犯罪调查信息公开的内容、对象、方式等诸多方面皆存在不足,突出表现为调查信息公开的对象范围较窄、调查信息公开的内容比例失衡、调查信息公开的方式结构失调、调查信息公开的阶段分布不均、调查信息公开不力的救惩缺失,产生这些问题的根源在于未遵循适度公开原则。在保障公众知情权有利于监督调查权、有助于查清案件事实、查缉被调查人,而过度公开调查信息会危害国家公共安全、侵害被调查人等相关主体的合法权益、阻碍调查顺利进行、影响案件查证的"悖论"中,应该在多元化的价值中找点平衡点,摒弃完全公开抑或不公开的思路,另辟公开与不公开并存--适度公开职务犯罪调查信息的第三条"道路"。同时,在此原则的统摄下,从信息等级化、增加公开对象、完善公开方式、创设公开不力救惩机制等方面入手构建、完善职务犯罪调查信息适度公开制度,明确调查程序不同阶段以何种方式向不同对象公布何种信息,实现监察工作信息制度化、法治化,从而有效地监督、制约监察权。

To effectively supervise the operation of supervisory power,the legislation stipulates that supervisory organs should publish supervisory work information and make a rough institutional arrangement for the disclosure of information on the investigation of duty crimes.However,as far as the legal texts and practical situations are concerned,there are deficiencies in the content,subjects,methods and other aspects of the disclosure of information in duty crime investigations,which are highlighted by the narrow scope of the subjects of investigation information disclosure,the imbalance of the content of investigation information disclosure,the dysregulated mode of investigation information disclosure,the unevenly-distributed stage of investigation information disclosure,and the lack of remedy and punishment for investigation information disclosure.The root of these problems is the failure to follow the principle of moderate disclosure.Protecting the public’s rights to know is conducive to supervising and investigating rights,helping to ascertain the facts of the case,and investigating the person under investigation.Excessive disclosure of investigation information will jeopardize national public security,infringe the lawful rights and interests of the investigation subject and other relevant subjects,hinder the smooth progress of the investigation,and affects the verification of cases.In the very"paradox",we should strike a balance in the value of diversification,abandon the idea of full disclosure or non-disclosure,and open up the coexistence of disclosure and non-disclosure--the third path of moderate disclosure of duty crime investigation information.Meanwhile,guided by this principle,we will construct and improve an appropriate system for disclosing information in duty crime investigations from the aspects of hierarchical information,increasing disclosure subjects,improving disclosure methods,and creating a mechanism to remedy and punish ineffective disclosure,clarify what information should be disclosed to different subjects in what way at different stages of investigation procedures,and realize the institutionalization and rule of law for supervision work information so as to effectively supervise and restrict supervision power.