情景模拟教学法在医务人员职业防护培训中的应用

Application of the situational simulation teaching method in occupational protection training for medical staff

目的:探索医务人员职业防护知识培训新方法,提高医务人员职业防护意识。方法:于2018年8月,通过方便抽样,选择某三级甲等教学医院2018年新入职的171名医务人员作为研究对象。根据研究对象对职业防护知识的需求和培训目的进行培训,培训前发放调查问卷,问卷得分情况作为对照组;采用常规PPT理论培训对研究对象进行培训,培训后发放调查问卷,问卷得分情况作为试验一组;采用常规PPT理论结合情景模拟教学法对研究对象进行培训,培训后发放调查问卷,问卷得分情况作为试验二组。每次调查均发放调查问卷171份,回收171份,回收率均为100%。定量资料用±s表示,采用方差分析评估;定性资料采用率(%)表示,用χ2检验分析。结果:共171名新入职医务人员参与研究,年龄22~33岁,平均年龄(23.63±2.33)岁,工作类别以护士居多(127人,占74.27%),性别以女性居多(146人,占85.38%),学历以专科学历居多(93人,占54.39%)。对照组、试验一组和试验二组医务人员职业防护相关知识知晓率分别为24.56%~70.18%、63.16%~96.49%、86.55%~99.42%。各组的职业防护知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),各组理论成绩、技能成绩和总成绩差异均有统计学意义(F=116.342、189.424、304.904,P<0.01)。理论成绩、技能成绩和总成绩在传统PPT理论培训后和PPT理论结合情景模拟教学技能培训后得分均有上升的趋势(F=125.042、352.025、444.073,P<0.01)。结论:用情景模拟教学法对医务人员的职业防护知识进行培训,医务人员理论水平和技能水平均有提高。

Objective To investigate a new method for occupational protection training for medical staff,and to improve the awareness of occupational protection among medical staff.Methods In August 2018,convenience sampling was performed to select 171 new medical workers in a grade A tertiary teaching hospital as subjects.The subjects were trained according to the requirements for occupational protection knowledge and training objectives.A questionnaire was distributed before training,and the scores were collected as control group;the subjects were trained using the conventional PPT theory,a questionnaire was distributed after training,and the scores were collected as trial group 1;the subjects were trained using the conventional PPT theory combined with the situational simulation teaching method,a questionnaire was distributed after training,and the scores were collected as trial group 2.A total of 171 questionnaires were distributed and collected for each survey,with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100%.Continuous data were expressed as mean±SD and were evaluated by an analysis of variance;categorical data were expressed as rate(%),and the chi-square test was used for analysis.Results A total of 171 medical workers,aged 22-33 years(mean 23.63±2.33 years),participated in the study,among whom 127(74.27%)were nurses,146(85.38%)were female workers,and 93(54.39%)had a college degree.The awareness rate of occupational protection knowledge was 24.56%-70.18%in the control group,63.16%-96.49%in the trial group 1,and 86.55%-99.42%in the trial group 2.There was a significant difference in the awareness rate of occupational protection knowledge among all the groups(P<0.01),and there were also significant differences in theoretical test score,skill assessment score,and total score among all the groups(F=116.342,189.424,and 304.904,P<0.01).Theoretical test score,skill assessment score,and total score tended to increase after the training based on the conventional PPT theory or the training based on the conventional PPT theory and situational simulation(F=125.042,352.025,and 444.073,P<0.01).Conclusion The situational simulation teaching method for the training of occupational protection knowledge for medical staff has a marked training effect and can significantly improve the theoretical and skill levels of medical staff.