鱼价低迷下根据不同季节养殖鲫鱼适宜用料档次研究

Study on the suitable feed grade for crucian carp(Carassius auratus) breeding in different seasons under low fish prices

为探讨在鱼价低迷情况下,如何根据养殖季节选择性价比最高的饲料,试验设计4种分别含有鱼粉16%、11%、6%、0%的不同档次膨化饲料,分别在不同季节投喂鲫鱼,研究不同档次饲料对其生长性能及养殖效益的影响。试验分别在上、下半年进行,周期分别为90 d和110 d。结果显示,在上半年低温、适温季节,随着鱼粉用量降低,鲫鱼特定生长率和增重率均呈下降趋势,而饲料系数呈升高趋势,但各组间差异不具统计学意义(P>0.05);投喂鱼粉用量为6%的饲料成本最低。在下半年,当鱼粉用量降至6%时,鲫鱼特定生长率和增重率显著下降,饲料系数显著升高(P<0.05);在高温季节,投喂鱼粉用量为0的高营养水平饲料,相对于6%鱼粉组,鲫鱼增重率显著升高,饲料系数显著下降(P<0.05);在适温季节,两组差异不具统计学意义(P>0.05);投喂鱼粉用量为0的高营养水平饲料成本最低。因此,在鱼价低迷时,在低温和适温季节适宜投喂含有一定量鱼粉、适量豆粕及菜粕的一般饲料;在高温季节适宜投喂采用其他廉价蛋白原料替代的无鱼粉饲料。

In order to explore how to choose the most cost-effective feed according to the breeding season under the condition of low fish prices and study the effects on growth performance and culture benefit,four kinds of extruded feed containing 16%,11%,6%,and 0%of fish meal were designed to feed crucian carp in different seasons.The experiments were conducted in the first and second half of the year,with the periods of 90 d and 110 drespectively.The results showed that during the low and moderatetemperature seasons of the first half of the year,the specific growth rate and weight gain rate showed a downward trend with the decrease in fish meal consumption,while thefeed conversion ratio showed an upward trend.However,nosignificant difference between the groups was observed(p>0.05).The lowest cost was the feed with 6%fish meal.In the second half of the year,when the amount of fishmeal dropped to 6%,the specific growth rate and weight gain rate of the fish decreased significantly,and thefeed conversion ratio increased significantly(p<0.05).In high temperature seasons,the weight gain rate of highnutrition feed with 0%fishmealincreased significantly,and the feed conversion ratio decreased significantly(p<0.05),compared with the 6%fishmeal group.In the moderate temperature season ofsecond half of the year,the difference between the two groups was not significant(p>0.05);the lowest cost was the feed with 0%fish meal.In conclusion,when the fish price was low,it was suitable to feed a general feed containing a certain amount of fish meal,appropriate soybean meal and rapeseed meal in low temperature and moderate temperature seasons;and a fish meal-free feed replaced with other cheap protein ingredients was suitable in high temperature seasons.