第四次工业革命与政策范式转型:从产业政策到创新政策

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Transformation of Policy Paradigm:From Industrial Policy to Innovation Policy

第四次工业革命时代的创新方式将出现巨大变革,数字化浪潮带来的"组合式创新"和人工智能发展所依赖的"互补式创新"使得传统产业政策面临失效的威胁。特别是人工智能作为第四次工业革命的通用技术,其本身作为一种复合型关键投入,系统效应十分突出,需要大量的互补式创新才能扩散至整个经济系统。本文在对产业政策和创新政策进行系统比较、对欧盟创新政策系统梳理总结的基础上,指出其对我国制定和实施创新政策的启示意义。结合第四次工业革命的技术经济范式特征以及我国的特殊国情,建议采取"去中心化"的创新政策和"中心化"创新政策并重的战略,才能在第四次工业革命中取得领先优势。

The innovation methods in the fourth industrial revolution era will be greatly changed,and traditional industrial policies can no longer meet the challenges of“combined innovation”and“complementary innovation”.Based on a brief overview of the characteristics of the technological and economic paradigm of the fourth industrial revolution,this paper illustrates the challenges of artificial intelligence as the general technology of the fourth industrial revolution to industrial policy making.It also makes a systematic comparison between industrial policy and innovation policy,briefly sorts out the specific policy tools,policy practice and governance experience of EU innovation policy in recent years,and points out its policy enlightenment significance.Based on the characteristics of the technological and economic paradigm of the fourth industrial revolution and China’s special national conditions,it is pointed out that only by adopting the strategy of"decentralized"innovation policy and“centralized”innovation policy can China gain the leading advantage in the fourth industrial revolution.