德国制造业参与全球价值链分工特征及对中国的启示

The Characteristic of Participation in Global Value Chain of Germany’s Manufacturing and Its Inspirations to China

作为典型制造强国,德国经验对中国制造业参与全球价值链分工有显著参考意义。本文基于全球价值链指标工具,对德国制造业参与全球价值链问题进行探究。研究结果显示,德国制造业全球价值链参与度较低,分工地位不高,产业处在价值链下游加工制造环节;相对参与度较高的行业,价值链分工地位同样偏低,并愈发靠近加工制造环节。但价值链分工的结果却不同,德国制造业参与全球价值链分工后,单位增加值创造能力强,制造业总体及大多数行业保持高竞争力,产业综合竞争实力进一步提升。德国制造业参与全球价值链分工的特征与德国专注于制造分工、德国老牌工业强国基础支撑的高端制造模式、大批量定制模式以及不断优化的产业结构密切相关。中国应当借鉴德国经验,发挥好已有比较优势,积极培育新的竞争优势,重点推动优势产业和高端制造业价值增值,实现制造业价值链分工地位的提升与加工制造环节的高端化,促进本国制造业转型升级。

The advanced experience from Germany keeps referential meaning for China’s manufacturing in the global value chain(GVC). This paper analyzes the Germany’s participation in GVC of manufacturing, the research shows that the degree, position of Germany’s manufacturing are low when it takes part in GVC, the industries with high participation degree also keeps low position of value chain division. But the results of value chain division are different, Germany’s manufacturing stays competitiveness, it keeps high export value added per unit and comparative advantage. Germany specializes in manufacturing, and as an old industrial power, Germany developes the high-end manufacturing model and mass customization model, and continues to optimize their industrial structure, these maybe the reasons for the high competitiveness of Germany’s manufacturing. China should take advantage of its existing comparative advantage and cultivate new competitive advantage, promote the development of processing and manufacturing links of manufacturing industry, especially its competitive industries and high-end industry toward the high end.