体制改革对艺术表演团体财政补贴效率的影响

The Influence of Institutional Reform on the Efficiency of Financial Subsidy to Performing Art Troupes

艺术表演团体一直是国家财政补贴的对象,补贴近年增长迅速,但是财政补贴的效率却不高,观众人次和演出场次一度下降得非常厉害。为此,2005年中国政府对包括艺术表演在内的文化部门发起了增量(非公有制资本准入)和存量(国有院团事业单位改企业单位)改革。本文使用1985-2017年艺术表演团体的财政补贴和演出收入、观众人次等中断时间序列数据来进行评估。研究发现:2005年政策干预前,艺术表演院团的财政补贴社会效率和经济效率逐年边际递减;干预后,财政补贴效率提高显著。但提高几乎悉数来自增量改革而非存量改革,这在经济效率上表现得更为显著。同时,不同体制的院团财政补贴效率不同,非公有制院团的补贴远远少于国有院团,但财政效率却明显高于国有院团。

The subsidies to performing art troupes have risen rapidly in recent years,yet their efficiency has remained low,with the number of audience and performances decreasing.In 2005,the Chinese government made reforms permitting private capital to enter the cultural industry and transforming state-owned institutes to enterprises.This article studies the relationship between financial subsidy to performing art troupes and other data including their box office and audience,and draws a conclusion that the efficiency of subsidies has risen after 2005 mainly because of private capital,and is distinctively higher in non-stated-owned troupes.