野生和圈养大熊猫肠道微生态环境特征及其差异性分析

Characteristics of Intestinal Micro-ecological Environment of Wild and Captive Giant Pandas and Their Differences

为探究野生和圈养大熊猫肠道微生态环境特征及其差异性,应用高通量测序技术对3只野生大熊猫和1只圈养健康大熊猫(n=3)的新鲜粪便分别进行测序分析。结果表明:(1)野生大熊猫肠道群落多样性要比圈养大熊猫肠道群落多样性高。在门水平,野生大熊猫肠道主要细菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria);圈养大熊猫主要菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);在属水平,野生大熊猫的主要菌属是肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)的某属;圈养大熊猫主要菌属是链球菌属(Streptococcus)。(2)圈养大熊猫肠道的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶活性以及还原性糖含量均高于野生大熊猫;野生大熊猫肠道中的纤维素酶活性高于圈养大熊猫的。(3)脂肪酶活性、纤维素酶活性和pH是调控肠道微生物群落结构的主要因子。野生和圈养大熊猫具有不同的肠道微生物群落结构,从而影响肠道系统中的相关酶类和代谢产物,进而影响大熊猫对不同食物的消化和吸收。野生大熊猫和圈养大熊猫肠道微生态的差异,可能会降低圈养大熊猫放归自然后对野外环境的适应性。

To explore the characteristics and differences of intestinal micro-ecological environment of wild and captive pandas,high-throughput sequencing technology is used to analyze the fresh feces of three wild pandas and one captive healthy panda(n=3).The results show as following:a.The diversity of intestinal communities of wild pandas is higher than that of captive pandas.At the phylum level,the main intestinal bacteria of wild pandas is Proteobacteria while the main flora of the captive panda is Firmicutes;at the genus level,the main bacterium of wild pandas is a genus of Enterobacteriaceae while that of captive panda is Streptococcus.b.Amylase,lipase,protease activity and reducing sugar content in the intestine of captive panda are higher than those of wild pandas;cellulase activity in the intestine of wild pandas is higher than that of captive panda.c.Lipase activity,cellulase activity and pH are the main factors that regulate the structure of intestinal microbial community.The digestion and absorption of different food are affected by the different intestinal microbial community structures of wild and captive pandas as a result of its influence on related enzymes and metabolites in the intestinal system.These differences of intestinal micro-ecology environment may reduce wild pandas adaptability to the wild environment after being release.