5种云南产蜂花粉矿质元素分析及蛋白质营养评价

Element Analysis and Protein Nutrition Evaluation of Five Bee Pollens from Yunnan Province

【目的】蜂花粉是蜜蜂矿物质和蛋白质营养的主要来源,分析研究云南省产量较大的5种蜂花粉的矿质元素、蛋白质,氨基酸等营养成分,为养蜂生产及蜂花粉的利用提供理论指导。【方法】检测分析了蜂花粉中12种矿质元素含量、蛋白质含量及氨基酸组成,并采用国际通用的营养评价方法对5种蜂花粉的蛋白质营养进行了综合评价。【结果】5种蜂花粉矿质元素总量为1.09%~2.73%,总蛋白含量为15.96~30.16 mg/g,总蛋白质含量与矿物质总量成正相关;含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸)为5种蜂花粉的第一限制性氨基酸;5种蜂花粉中优质蛋白营养含量高低顺序为茶花蜂花粉、蚕豆蜂花粉、油菜蜂花粉、野玫瑰蜂花粉、鬼针草蜂花粉。【结论】5种云南主产蜂花粉的矿质元素、蛋白质等营养含量存在非常大差异,养蜂生产需要根据外界蜂花粉的营养差异作出相应调整;茶花蜂花粉、蚕豆蜂花粉、油菜蜂花粉可作为蜜蜂和人类矿物质及蛋白质营养来源的优质原料。

【Objective】Bee pollen is the major source of minerals and protein for honeybee.Study and analysis of the mineral elements,protein contents and amino acid distribution of five bee pollen with large output in Yunnan province,provided theoretical guidance for bee keeping and utilization of bee pollen.【Method】The contents of 12 mineral elements,protein and amino acids in bee pollen were measured and analyzed,and the protein nutrition was comprehensively evaluated by international nutrition evaluation method.【Result】The total amount of mineral elements in 5 bee pollen was 1.09%-2.73%,the total protein content was 15.96-30.16 mg/g,and there was a positive correlation between the total protein content and the total mineral content.The sulfur-containing amino acid(methionine+cysteine)was the first restrictive amino acids of the 5 bee pollens.Among the 5 bee pollens,the order of nutritional content of high quality protein was Camellia japonica L.bee pollen,Vicia faba L.bee pollen,Brassica napus L.bee pollen,Rosa rugosa bee pollen,Bidens pilosa L.bee pollen.【Conclusion】The mineral element composition and protein content of the 5 main bee pollens in Yunnan province were very different,so the beekeeping should be adjusted according to the nutritional difference of the bee pollens in nature.The bee pollens of Camellia japonica L.,Vicia faba L.and Brassica napus L.could be used as the high quality raw materials of mineral and protein nutrition for bee and human.